Purpose During hospitalization, sleep can be disturbed and the quality reduced. This study investigated the effect of applying white noise on hospitalized patients for improving their sleep quality.
Methods: In a randomized controlled trial design, participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=30) or a comparison group (n=31), enrolled from rehabilitation medicine wards at a university hospital in South Korea. For three days of the intervention, the experimental group listened to white noise for one hour before sleep. The comparison group wore only earplugs before sleep. Sleep quality was assessed by the Verran and Snyder-Halpern (VSH) sleep scale as a subjective measure and the Fitbit ® wrist band monitor as an objective measure. Data were collected pre- and three days post-intervention. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 22.0 program.
Results: The white noise group showed positive effects on subjective sleep quality (p<.001) compared to the earplug group.
Among the objective sleep quality measures, sleep time (p<.001) and sleep efficiency (p=.003) were statistically significant, but there were no statistically significant differences in time of awakening, number of awakening, time of restless and number of restless.
Conclusion: Findings indicate that applying white noise could be considered as a useful nursing intervention to improve subjective and objective sleep quality in hospitalized patients.
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Purpose This study aimed to develop an intervention to reduce noise in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and evaluate the effects of applying it.
Methods: The research design was a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental study. To develop noise reduction interventions in ICUs, preliminary intervention techniques to reduce noise were derived through a literature review, field survey, and focus group interviews. The intervention was developed by verifying the validity of the content and the clinical applicability, and the result was applied to practice. To assess the effect of the intervention, the following were evaluated: noise level in the ICU, perceived noise level, response to noise, satisfaction of patients and staff with noise management, sleep quality of patients, noise-related knowledge, and perception and performance of noise management of the staff.
Results: With the intervention developed in this study, the noise level in the ICU, perceived noise level, and response to noise of patients and staff decreased, and satisfaction with noise management increased. The sleep quality of patients, noise-related knowledge, and perception and performance of noise management of the staff increased.
Conclusion: This intervention is shown to be effective in reducing the noise level in the ICU. Therefore, if it is used actively in practice, it is expected to create a comfortable environment by reducing the noise level in the ICU.
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Factors Affecting Nurses’ Performance of Noise Management in Adult Intensive Care Units Seo Jeong Kim, Haeyoung Min, Majd T. Mrayyan Journal of Nursing Management.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the actual noise conditions in adult Intensive Care Units (ICUs) according to type, time, day of the week, and area. METHODS This study was conducted from February to March 2018. ICU noise levels were examined using a noise meter with a microphone an amplifier, auditory correction circuit, and indicator meter capable of directly reading A-weighted decibels (dBA). Noise was measured for 24 hours for seven days and the average dBA, maximum dBA, and minimum dBA were recorded. RESULTS The highest mean noise level was 58.48 dBA (range of 57.62~65.27), while lowest was 51.65 dBA (range of 51.36~52.86). Average noise levels on weekdays and weekends were over 50 dBA(the open zone was measured at 56.61 dBA, while the isolation zone was measured at 52.45 dBA. Further, daytime, evening work-times and weekdays were measured above 60 dBA, while nighttime noise levels were below 60 dBA. Finally, average noise levels during turnarounds, shift changes, and rounding times were above 60 dBA; open zone had higher average noise levels than the isolation zone. CONCLUSION This study showed that ICU noise levels exceeded those recommended by the World Health Organization regardless of type of noise, day of the week, or time. Therefore, studies are proposed to identify the need or importance of noise management by ICU personnel to reduce noise in ICUs. It also proposes studies to develop and apply noise reduction strategies that can be easily used in practice, reflecting the various characteristics of noise in ICUs.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Factors Affecting Nurses’ Performance of Noise Management in Adult Intensive Care Units Seo Jeong Kim, Haeyoung Min, Majd T. Mrayyan Journal of Nursing Management.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
Noise Experience Status and Response to Noise of Patients and Nursing Staff in the ICU Sun-Hee Yun, Jung-Eun Choi, Hyoung-Soon Kim, Yang-Sook Yoo Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2021; 28(2): 207. CrossRef
Development and Application of an Intervention for Noise Reduction in Intensive Care Units Sun-Hee Yun, Na-Young Kwak, Yang-Sook Yoo Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(6): 584. CrossRef
The environment in the ICU leads to negative changes in a patient's usual sleep pattern and so contributes negatively to the patient's health condition as compared to patients in general wards. Therefore, it is thought that an important nursing intervention would be to identify the relation between noise and sleep patterns which play an important role in illness recovery. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between noise in the ICU and the sleep pattern of patients admitted to the ICU. A descriptive correlation design was used to examine the relationship. Thirty-four subjects were recruited from a Medical ICU (MICU), Surgical ICU (SICU) and Coronary Care Unit (CCU) at a large university hospital in Suwon. Data were collected from September 28 to October 31 in 1999. In the present study, noise was categorized into noise level and patients' perception of noise. The objective noise level was measured using the A-Weighted Sound Level Meter. The patients' preception of noise was measured using a self-reported questionnaire developed by the researcher. Sleep patterns in this study includes both quantity and quality of sleep. These were measured using open ended questionnaires and the 'Korean Sleep Scale A' developed by Oh, Song, Kim(1998). The data was analyzed using the SPSS-WIN to test the research question, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was run. Ancillary analysis were conducted with demographic variables to determine their relation to the main study variables. For the ancillary analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVAs were performed. The results of the present study are summerized as follows: 1. The total mean of objective noise level (10pm-6am) was 56.2dB. The means for night time noise level in individual ICUs for the SICU, MICU and CCU, were 58.7dB, 58.6dB and 48.3dB, respectively. The total mean for patients' noise perception was 42.8 out of a maximum possible score of 76. For item means of noise perception, the one ranked highest was "conversations between doctors and nurses" (3.2). The one ranked lowest was "noise from the radio" (1.2). Regarding the degree of perception for each type of noise source, the one ranked highest was "equipment noise" (2.6), the second was "conversation between medical staff" (2.4), the third was "conversation between patients, caregivers and visitors" (2.3), and the one ranked lowest was "environment noise" (1.8). 2. Looking at quantity of sleep of ICU patients, the mean nocturnal sleep time was found to be 4.9 hours. The total mean of sleep quality for ICU patients was 21.0 out of a maximum possible score of 40. 3. The relationship between perception of noise and quantity of sleep was statistically significant(r= - .41, p<.05). The relationship between perception of noise and quality of sleep was also statistically significant(r= - .47, p<.01). The results of the study indicate that personal perception of noise is related to sleep patterns. Therefore, it is suggested that nursing interventions be developed to reduce the degree of personal perception of noise and, thus, decrease sleep pattern disturbances in patients in the ICU.
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