PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to systematically review the effects of cognitive-based interventions on the cognitive function of older adults with mild cognitive impairment and conduct a meta-analysis to present basic data based on objective evidence. METHODS This study analyzed the effects on older adults' cognitive function based on 21 studies using randomized controlled trials of cognitive-based interventions from 2000 to 2017. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the cognitive-based interventions showed statistically significant effects on language, global cognitive function, executive function, memory, visuospatial ability, and attention. All of them showed a medium effect size. CONCLUSION A cognitive-based intervention for older adults with mild cognitive impairment needs to be systematically and continuously applied to improve cognitive function. Such interventions can delay and prevent the progress of dementia, which will help in reducing the socioeconomic burden associated with it. In the future, it is necessary to study further, the various variables involved in continuous cognitive training programs.
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PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a computerized cognitive training on older adults affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in terms of cognitive function, depression, self-esteem, and activities of daily living (ADL). METHODS This study used a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. A total of 53 older adults who reside in long-term care facilities were recruited, 26 subjects for an experimental group and 27 subjects for a control group. A computerized cognitive training was performed for 20~40 minutes/day, three days/week for ten weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 with x² test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test. RESULTS Scores of MMSE (t=3.30, p=.002), depression (t=-2.15, p=.036), and self-esteem (t=2.76, p=.008) were significantly better in the experimental group than the control group. However, the difference in ADL (t=-1.01, p=.316) was not significant between the two groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the computerized cognitive training can be used as an effective nursing intervention to improve cognitive function and self-esteem and lower depression among older adults with MCI.
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PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to identify the rate of reversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to normal cognition (NC) among the community-dwelling elderly and to determine if there were differences in cognitive function, leisure activities, and exercises between the group with MCI-maintained and the group with reversion to NC. METHODS This study utilized a longitudinal descriptive comparative design. A total of 346 subjects over age 65 was recruited from public health center at baseline. Finally 152 elderly were enrolled at 1 year follow-up. Data were collected through MoCA-K, K-MMSE, KDSQ-C5 and questionnaires on leisure activities and exercises. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 using descriptive statistics, chi2 test, and t-test. RESULTS The rate of reversion from MCI to NC among the subjects was 44.1%. At baseline, the group with MCI-maintained had lower cognitive function than the group with reversion to NC. At 1 year follow-up, the group with reversion to NC had higher subjective cognitive function than the group with MCI-maintained. Regarding leisure activities, there were differences between the groups at baseline and 1 year follow-up. CONCLUSION It is suggested that age, education year, subjective cognitive function, and leisure activities should be considered at planning a nursing intervention for MCI.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of laughter therapy and cognitive reinforcement program on self-efficacy, depression and cognitive functions of the elderly with mild cognitive impairments (MCI). METHODS The study design was a non-equivalent control group pre and posttest design. Thirty-six subjects over the age of 65 with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment were assigned either to a treatment or a comparison group. Data were collected from February 7 to March 27, 2012 in the dementia supporting center. An eight week treatment program that included laughter therapy coupled with a cognitive reinforcing program including hand exercise, laughter dance routine, laughter technic and cognitive training for attention, memory, orientation and execution skill. RESULTS MoCA-K (t=-6.86, p<.001) and Stroop test CW correct (t=-2.54, p=.008), self-efficacy (t=-3.62, p=.001) in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the comparison group. Reported depression (t=2.29, p=.014), Stroop test CW error (U=53.50, p<.001) in the treatment group was significantly less than the comparison group. CONCLUSION In this study, the treatment was effective in improving self-efficacy, cognitive function and reducing depression in the elderly with MCI.
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