PURPOSE The specific aims were to identify the process of fight against ovarian cancer and how the women interact with other people. METHODS The subjects included 12 women who were higher than stage II epithelial ovarian cancer. Data were collected with an in-depth individual interview from July 2017 to April 2018. The specific analysis process followed the grounded theory method of Corbin and Strauss. RESULTS The results show that the core category was “finding the existence value with being tied to the bridle of deathâ€. The outcomes were “fighting cancer in lonelinessâ€, “life compromised with deathâ€, and “social sublimationâ€. The women with ovarian cancer experienced the collapse of existence value while they reached the phase of implicit maintenance through the phases of chaos, active seeking, and desperate coping by using various strategies. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate psychosocial problems due to the collapse of women's existence value in the process of ovarian cancer treatment, which have an important effect on the entire treatment process. Thus, it is important to develop nursing strategies based on the characteristics of the process of treatment in ovarian cancer and health providers should support them to rebuild the value of the existence through it.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore in depth the essential structure and meaning of disease experience for the elderly living alone with Parkinson disease, and provide basic data and grounds for national and social support measures and nursing intervention development for them. METHODS In this study, van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology was applied, and data were collected from April to September 2015. Participants were 12 elderly people aged over 65 who live alone in Chungcheongnam-do and Daejeon Metropolitan City and have Parkinson disease. Data were collected until saturation through in-depth interviews and participant observations. RESULTS Through analysis of the experience of participants of this study, 7 essential themes and 18 investigated themes were derived in the 4 existing bodies of world of life that they experienced. “Can't accept the disease that came after a hard lifeâ€, “Catch the hopesâ€, “Feel painful body and soul because my body does not move at willâ€, “Want life and death without pain anymoreâ€, “Don't want to reveal my disease to othersâ€, “Look for something to rely on and to feel secureâ€, and “Want to return the helps that I received from others†were derived. CONCLUSION It is suggested that nursing providers must provide individualized nursing intervention, which the elderly living alone with Parkinson disease truly need, through deep sympathy for their disease experience.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the reported good service experiences from the perspective of elderly residents of long-term care facilities. METHODS Of those residents who are 65 years old or older, 14 residents whose length of stay were one month or longer and scores of the K-Mini Mental State Examination were 15 or higher were interviewed. The interview data formed the basis for the empirical statements about the reported nature of patients' experiences as residents of long-term care facilities. These data were used in concept mapping. RESULTS Through multidimensional scaling analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, 62 core statements, two dimensions, and six clusters of good service experiences were derived. The two dimensions were classified as ‘care centered-participation centered services’ and as ‘physical-emotional services.’ Six cluster themes emerged as good service experiences: ‘safety of care and treatment’, ‘responsible and supportive staff’, ‘comfort of living environment’, ‘mental well-being’, and ‘respect and communication’. CONCLUSION The result of the study provides information about what experiences are important to older adults with cognitive impairment. The concept map can be used to develop a patient experience index for the elderly residents of long-term care facilities.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore self-management support experiences among breast cancer survivors. METHODS Individual in-depth interviews were performed for survivors who had treated breast cancer after completion of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Data were collected from April 2014 to July 2014 and analyzed using phenomenological method by Colaizzi. RESULTS Five essential themes were found as follows: 1) Need for continuous help and support to maintain self-management, 2) Need for professional resources to carry out regular exercise, 3) Overcoming psychological difficulties through others rather than health care professionals, 4) Disappointment with time with and circumstances of health care consultation, 5) Dependence on means of media for health related information. CONCLUSION The results might contribute to an understanding of self-management support experienced by breast cancer survivors in Korea. It is suggested that evidence-based program for self-management support should be developed and applied to nursing intervention for breast cancer survivors.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe the illness experience of patients with pressure ulcer. METHODS A phenomenological methodology was used for the study. The data were collected by individual in-depth interview with seven participants with pressure ulcer during 2013~2014. All interviews were audio-taped and verbatim transcripts were made for the analysis. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. RESULTS All participants had underlying disease, such as spinal paralysis and diabetes. Average period of having pressure ulcer was 18 months, ranged from 3 to 36 months. A total of seven theme clusters were derived from the analysis; unexpected wound, inherent vulnerability to infection, reversal of the treatment policy, unpleasant and strange feeling of wound, sweeping fear and helplessness, socioeconomic burden, and healing through specific actions and reflection. The participants faced various contradictory and paradoxical situations in managing their pressure ulcers as well as underlying diseases in their everyday life. However, they slowly overcome these situations by strictly practicing concrete action-oriented strategies that they have learned through suffering and appreciating miraculous wound healing. CONCLUSION The results of this study can help developing a patient-specific intervention program with sufficient emotional support by providing insights of the paradoxical illness experience of patients with pressure ulcer.
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PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to understand what are the experiences and management of type 2 diabetes in everyday lives among Korean people. METHODS A grounded theory method was utilized to explore how people with type 2 diabetes to experience and manage their disease under the Korean socio-cultural context. The data were collected via narrative in-depth interviews with 21 people with type 2 diabetes during 2010-2011 and all interviews were transcribed for verbatim analysis. RESULTS The core category was 'Rearranging everyday lives by accepting diabetes as lifelong annoying companion.' Four stages were identified: ignoring; struggling compromising and conciliating. Each stage illustrates major problems and/or strategies that the participants face in dealing with diabetes. The process illustrates the transference from their ordinary life, in which diabetes or health was ignored, to the health-oriented life, within which diabetes is integrated into their lives. The most difficult barriers they faced in everyday lives include social stigma of diabetes and collectivistic culture in Korea. Within the culture, the group goals are concerned over individual ones, making it harder for the participants to take care of their own health. CONCLUSION The findings of the study imply that health care professionals may consider the influence of social stigma in caring diabetic patients. Also, the intervention study is warranted to educate Korean people with diabetes to get aware of the sociocultural context and stigma as well as personal difficulties in self-caring diabetes.
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PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the factors contributing to death anxiety among elders through family support, ageism experience, loneliness and helplessness. METHODS The participants were 155 elders who lived in S city. The data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire in elders over age 65. In addition, their levels of death anxiety, family support, ageism experience, loneliness, helplessness and death anxiety were measured using a likert scale Data analysis using a t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS 20 program. RESULTS Significant differences were found in the levels of perceived death anxiety between the variables affecting death anxiety in elders. Pearson's Correlation were found family support (p<.001), ageism experience (p<.001), loneliness (p<.001) and helplessness (p<.001) with death anxiety. CONCLUSION It is concluded that such variables should be considered for decreasing death anxiety by family support, ageism experience, loneliness and helplessness in elders.
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PURPOSE Liver transplantation (LT) is the best treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease and most patients with LT return to their normal life. However, pregnancy and childbirth for women with LT are less common, mainly because it is considered to be dangerous for their health. The purpose of this study was to describe how Korean women after LT experience their pregnancy and childbirth. METHODS This study was designed to explore the experiences of pregnancy and childbirth of women with LT. Data were collected by individual in-depth interviews with four women who were pregnant and gave birth following LT in 2009. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The transcribed data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Four themes emerged as a result of analysis: recovery of lost feminity and marriage; fulfilling roles through pregnancy; life-risking pregnancy; and perfect family achieved by childbirth. These themes describe in detail about challenges and concerns the women with LT faced for their pregnancy and childbirth as well as many emotionally touching experiences. CONCLUSION The results of this study would support health professionals to be better prepared to help women with LT for pregnancy and childbirth by providing in-depth and insightful information.
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PURPOSE This qualitative study was designed to explore and describe the nursing staff reported experiences of managing the medical needs of nursing home residents in South Korea. METHODS Using a focus group interview method, qualitative data were collected from March to May 2012. Twenty five registered nurses and nurse aids working in nursing homes were recruited through a convenient sampling method. Participants participated in one of four focus group interviews lasted up to two hours in which their day-to-day experiences of taking care of the medical needs of the elderly residents. All interviews were recorded and transcribed in verbatim, and analyzed according to the qualitative thematic analysis method using MAXQDA software. RESULTS The overriding theme was 'experiencing differences between the requirements of the regulatory system and the actual reality of the work place.' The findings of differences between what were true and what is required was based in four subcategories. The nursing home residents had far more medical needs than what were reported. Another finding was that the family members were seen as non-supportive and negligent towards the residents. CONCLUSION The findings of the study support the need for changes in the regulatory system. The regulatory limitations of current system with a shortage of resources pushed the participants to experience discrepancies between the required regulation and the reality. Additional research could contribute more exemplars to support changes.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the life experiences of patients with a severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). METHODS The data were collected through in-depth interviews of six patients suffering from severe COPD. The interviewed data were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and checked for accuracy. The Giorgi method of phenomenology was used for analyzing data. RESULTS Eight themes forming the, units of meaning, were: Repeated and Unpredictable Suffering of Dyspnea, Confidence Loss/Exhaustion Life due to non-efficient breathing, Gradually Deprived Liberty, Absolute Being to Sustaining my life, Source of Burden but Significant Person I am in the Family, Endless Tug-of-War-Capability/Endeavor to Breath, Longing for my Life, and Dead-end of breathing. CONCLUSION The study results provide an in-depth understanding of life experiences of patients suffering from severe COPD. The findings will be useful to nurses caring for this population.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore clinical nurse's reported conflict experience toward end-of-life medical decision making. METHODS Data were collected by in-depth interviews with eight nurses from three different wards of university hospital in D city of Korea. Conventional qualitative analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Results were three major themes and twelve categories from the analysis. The three major themes were prioritization of treatment, non-disclosure of diagnosis, and hierarchical and power relations. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that shared decision making in end of life among patient, family members, physician, and nurse may contribute to improve end-of-life care performance as well as dignified dying of patient in end of life.
PURPOSE The purpose is to explore the illness experience of Korean women with breast cancer using feminist phenomenology. METHODS Data were collected by individual in-depth interviews from ten women with total mastectomy. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method from feminist perspective to reveal implicit socio-cultural norms that oppress women with breast cancer. RESULTS Two categories and seven major themes emerged: cancer-related experience (1) unfairness of having breast cancer; (2) being confined to the gaze of the others; patriarchy-related experience (3) hardness of being daughter-in-law; (4) struggling to keep on being good mother; (5) continued housework as duty; (6) recognizing self as precious wife, and (7) awakening of true self. All participants felt it was very unfair to get breast cancer because they had done their best for roles of mother, wife, and daughter-in-law. They struggled to free themselves from the social disgrace like the roles imposed by the patriarchal society. By awakening their true selves, they could manage a balance between other-oriented life and self-oriented life. CONCLUSION Oncology nurses need to provide psychosocial support for women with breast cancer in finding their true selves in a traditional patriarchal society where women are oppressed and breast cancer is stigmatized.
PURPOSE This study was designed to explore what experiences nurses had while caring and providing emotional support for patients. METHODS Participants were eight nurses working at hospitals for more than one year. Data were collected from June, 2006 to January, 2007 through in-depth interview by using tape-recordings. Data were analysed with the phenomenological method proposed by Colazzi(1978). RESULTS From significant statements, 4 clustered themes, 7 themes and 23 sub-themes were extracted from the essential meaning of the emotional experience of hospital nurses. The 4 clustered themes were 'movement of mind', 'affection and service for patients', 'worthwhile and conflict' and 'control oneself'. The 7 themes were 'special feeling', 'rapport formation', 'consideration', 'human interaction', 'value discovery', 'loss of volition', and 'keep to balance'. CONCLUSION Although nurses had tough experiences for providing care for patients' emotional support, they had also experienced spiritual maturity from its experience. The result of this study would contribute for nurses not only to care for patients who need emotional support but also to develop knowledge in nursing.
PURPOSE This ethnography in communication aimed to explore the changes in consciousness on time and temporality as an elderly became older. This study focused on time as a primary message systems of Edward Hall. METHODS The assumption of the study was that the aging body as an expression of biological time is a meta of physical, personal, and social time. Data were collected from iterative fieldwork in a clan between Jan, 1990 and April, 2007. The key informants were 13 women and men aged 70 years old or more at the beginning of study. Changes in physical time and temporality as the women's body declined in its physical function was analyzed. As the cultural context, informants' every life and the history of the clan were also analyzed. RESULTS The meta-time of the informants were constituted as follows: In the low-contextual dimension, physical time perceived as longer and personal time perceived as shorter than they were young; In high-contextual dimension, informant and residents had a polychronic perspective and aged-centered time perspectives.; In the supernatural dimension of time, sacred time were reinforced by rituals. Informants extended temporality to their springs' world and ancestors' world. CONCLUSION As the informants recognized slugged body movements and time-limited present life, their views on their life world towards the future of spring and of the sacred world of ancestors. Thereby, their identity as a member of a clan was reinforced. This result informed us on what we should focus on when caring with older women.
PURPOSE The objective of the study is to describe the experience of health care activities of the menopausal women through phenomenological methodology. METHODS Seven menopausal women participated in the study. Open in-depth interviews were used to collect data, and data were analyzed by the phenomenological methods suggested by Colaizzi. RESULTS The data were separated into 4 categories of uncomfortable life due to physical and emotional change, building consistency in daily life through regulating a routine rhythm, recovering normality, recovering stability, and 8 clusters of themes; securing regularity in daily life, securing availability in daily life, regulating through elimination and diminishment, regulating through supplementation, being patient and control self, expressing self, review the context and exchanging views, expending a world through one's faith. CONCLUSION Participants accepted menopause not as a disease but as a natural course of life and realized that menopausal health problems could be naturally settled in general health care activities in daily life.
PURPOSE The purpose of present study was to discover the experience of the body of aged women, having had disease. Thus, the researcher tried to explore the perception of the informants and the context in which this perception emerged. METHODS 9 aged women who had disease or trauma were recruited by snow balling and theoretical sampling methods. The iterative data collection and analyzing process proceeded between September, 1999 and January, 2005. Questions posed to the informants included: "What major change in your body comes from the disease?" "How did you feel about yourself after having had disease?". Data from interviews and participant observation was taken as text. The text was analyzed using the ongoing process of qualitative content analysing method and taxonomy of Spradley. RESULTS Disease gives aged women a chance to reinforce the meaning of their body: the body as the most low valued component of a human, the body as a wholistic field of interacting each component of human and with natural environment and cosmos, and the body as a source of group identity. These meanings were constructed in their life world by the rules of hierarchy, reciprocity, and group cohesiveness. CONCLUSIONS The human body is constructed as a cultural being by a social process. Nursing is concerned with the biological body and the social body. The results of this study can serve to help understand the socialization of the body and to construct a somology of nursing.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of self-care, symptom experience and disease state among the patients with liver cirrhosis and to identify its correlation. METHODS The subjects were 220 patients with liver cirrhosis who were treated in D-university hospital in Busan. The instruments used for study were the self-care inventory, the symptom experience inventory and modified childpugh classification scale. RESULTS The average points of the patient's self-care performance, symptom experience, and disease status were 3.67, 29.10 and 6.12 respectively. Their self care was negatively correlated to symptom experience, and symptom experience was positively correlated to disease state. CONCLUSION This research findings suggested that active self-care by patients with liver cirrhosis might contribute to reduce various symptoms they can undergo and to prevent aggravation of disease state. Therefore, patients with liver cirrhosis have to carry out self care actively in daily life and discreet nursing intervention should be offered to facilitate their self-care.
PURPOSE This study was conducted to understand the meaning of mind control as it is understood by elderly persons in Korea. METHOD This study was conducted by engaging three elderly persons who are over the age of sixty five and presently residing in Seoul. Several in depth interviews were conducted with these individuals from March 2003 until November 2003. The contents of the interviews were analyzed using the Giorgi Method (1985), which places the emphasis on discovering meaning within the phenomenological context of an individual's experience. RESULTS The analysis of the contents revealed the following four components with regard to the meaning of mind control for elderly persons (1) Settling the mind (2) Gradual lowering of expectations and hope for the success of offspring, (3) Having good thoughts and acting accordingly, and (4) Making up one's mind to follow the 'natural flow of life'. CONCLUSION By allowing a wider and deeper understanding of the meaning of mind control for elderly persons the results of this study provide a basis for improving the care of elderly with a holistic perspective.
PURPOSE The research aims to understand the lived experience of the caregivers of chronic renal failure(CRF) patients and its essential meaning. The results of the study can be used as basic materials for developing comprehensive intervention methods of care givers of CRF patients. METHOD: The research used van Manen's hermeneutic and phenomenological research methods in order to describe the lived experience and to understand its meaning. It concentrates on the understanding the essence of experience and consists of existential survey, hermeneutic and phenomenological reflection and hermeneutic writings. Participants in this research were five women care givers of CRF patients who had hemolysis at C university hospital in a metropolitan city, the period of data collection was from July 27 to Sep. 4, 2004 and major data of results in the following 5 essential themes. 'sole responsibility for the patient enduring everything', 'creating their own field', 'heavy and painful life without hope of their private life', 'wishing not to be inherited and consoling each other'. CONCLUSION: The above findings point out that the experience of care givers of CRF patient affected and changed all parts of an individual life and his or her family life. Therefore, it suggests that total family nursing care must be considered in order to provide the holistic caring for CRF patients and their care givers.
PURPOSE This study was explored the experiences of the middle-aged women and tried to understand their lived experiences. METHOD: The data was collected from 9 participants living in Seoul from Sep. to Dec. 2003. Collection of data was by means of in-depth interviews. The analysis of the data was made the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Colaizzi(1978). RESULT: The 10 themes were extracted in this study ; sense of emptiness, repentance of one's past, decline of physical functions, lost one's youth, worry of children, thinking about future, importance of husband, importance of job, composure of mind, content with present life. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the helpful program should be developed and applied to extend positive lived experiences, and relieve or exclude negative lived experiences for the middle aged women.
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to understand the experience of health behavior among elderly women. METHOD: Participants of this study were 8 healthy elderly women over 65, who live in city and town. The data were collected through in-depth interview and participant observation, analyzed by the Colaizzi (1978)'s phenomenal research method was adopted. The data collection period was from March to May of 2003. RESULT: The essential themes were 'desiring to keep oneself in good health even with aging body', 'receiving and living with illness', 'maintaining ones health with body activity', 'getting along with peace of mind' CONCLUSION: The study is significant because it provides viewpoints for understanding elderly women's experience of health behavior in the context of Korean culture. And also it provides guideline for elderly nursing intervention.
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify the experience of patients with liver cirrhosis. METHOD: This study was performed from march 2003 to June 2003. The participators were five men. Data collected through in-depth personal interviews, which were recorded and analysed according to the Colazzi's method. RESULT: Liver cirrhosis was classified into 20 themes, 70 formulated meaning, and 10 categories. The Result confirmed that the experience of liver cirrhosis patients were classified into 10 categories; unexpected change, limited daily living and role, difficult compliance with therapeutic regimen, unbelief so untreated with apathy, negative emotional change, lack of cause perception, self control, perceived family support, expectations for recovery and healing. CONCLUSION: We, cooperative researchers, realized that to reduce not only the days of hospital treatment and the economic loss, as well as the expenditure of insurance the importance of managing liver cirrhosis from early diagnosis and the physical, spiritual, social role in studying the patients who experience liver cirrhosis.
PURPOSE The study was undertaken to examine the degree of nurse's suffering experience and to identify the influencing factors on nurses' suffering experience in Korea. METHOD: Data were collected using a questionnaire for 271 nurses working at 5 general hospitals in Daegu and Kyung-book province from Sep. 1, to Sep. 30, 2003. The questionnaire consists of 54 items, general characteristics(10) and nurse's suffering experience(44). All surveys were sorted and studied by frequency analysis, mean score, standard deviation, range, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Multiple regression. RESULT: The findings of this survey indicate 1) The degree of suffering experienced by nurses caring for terminal cancer patients was 2.96; 2) Demographic variables affecting the degree of nurses' suffering experience were age(F=5.62, p=.000), marital status(F=20.53, p=.000), religion(F=5.44, p=.020), career of clinical experience(F=6.96, p=.000), and feelings of end-life care(F=3.11, p=.016); 3) There were slight correlation between the subitem of nurse's suffering experience and general characteristics of subjects. For 'expanding self consciousness', age, career duration, and position; for 'forming empathy with family', age and career duration ; for 'spiritual sublimation', age, and career duration were affected variables. 4) As a result of the multiple regression analysis for predictable variables affecting nurses' suffering, it was found that 'career of clinical experience' was most significant(F=23.100, p=.000). The explanatory power of this regression formula was 17.6%. CONCLUSION: This study can provide the basic data useful towards improvement of nursing services for terminal cancer patients and the health of the nurse.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception of nursing students' on-site clinical experience at intensive care unit(ICU), which will help on developing fundamental tool to enhance the effect of their clinical practice. METHOD Van Manens hermeneutic-phenomenological method has been used to analyze the data. Participants consisted of 74 third-year nursing students who performed the clinical practice at an ICU in C university hospital. The students got the group interviews and kept the clinical diaries. Data was collected from series of group interviews and contents of the students clinical diaries. RESULT Major concerns related to students clinical practice were found as follows: [being nervous about unfamiliar machines and situations], [being frustrated about the patients], [feeling of helplessness], [being stupefied from witnessing a death], [realizing the importance of health], [realizing individual patient's precious value through family's love], [realizing the importance of treating a patient as human being], [realizing the differences between theory and practice], [modelizing two aspects of nursing: professional and personal], [readiness to become a capable nurse]. CONCLUSION We are able to obtain in-depth understandings about the nursing students lived experience of clinical practice at the ICU. Based upon this, there is a need to develop a better nursing intervention enhance the effectiveness of the nursing students clinical practice.
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify the process of experience toward decision making to donate organs. METHOD Eleven subjects who registered at the Association for Organ Sharing in Korea were recruited. Using in-depth interviews and tape-recordings, data was collected from Jun. 2001 to Feb. 2002 and the contents of these were analyzed by Glaser's grounded theory analysis method. RESULT Basic Social- Psychological Problem(BSPP) of subjects were 'attachment to body' and the core theme, that is Basic Socialization Progress(BSP) were discovered to 'find out what is the meaning of life'. Also it consisted of four steps: 1st 'hesitate', 2nd 'look into self', 3rd 'realize the tie up to self' and last 're-find the meaning of life'. CONCLUSION These findings indicate the Korean's Basic Socialization Progress of decision making regarding organ donation, so possible development of promoting decision making is necessary strategies for people who is having his/her potential of organ donation in mind.
PUPPOSE: This study was to evaluate the importance of liver cancer patient's diet and to provide guideline materials for proper nursing intervention. METHOD The hermeneutic phenomenological method of van Manen was applied for the in-depth interview of liver cancer patients and the cultural background studies including linguistic, literary and art works to enhance the insight and understanding, from which the meaning of the cognition and lesson of the experiences were extracted. The participants for this study were five male patients, who had been diagnosed with liver cancer, 5-15 years ago and had been treated with Transcatheter Arterial Embolization without chemotherapy. The repeated interview and close observation were carried out for nine months starting from January 2001 in Seoul, Korea. RESULT Eight essential themes were emerged ; (1) confliction(frustration) with hospital treatment (2) trial of every possible remedies (3) liking unpolluted natural foods(4) faithful tolerance (5) experiencing diet effectiveness (6) discovering personal control methods (7) deepen their faith in God (8) searching for healthy new life. CONCLUSION The alternative diet therapy influenced their life beyond the physical overcoming of cancer toward psychological and spiritual healing. The study evidenced the necessity for scientific research and education on the effectiveness and application of complementary and alternative diet therapy for the treatment of cancer in hospital practices.
PUPPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe the psychological aspects of experiences of men living in a homeless shelter in Seoul. This study focused on understanding about the life of the homeless in the shelter by Phenomenological method. METHOD The participants in this study were seven men who are living in a homeless shelter in Seoul. The following data were collected though the in-depth interviews and analyzed by the Phenomenological analytic method of Giorgi. RESULT There are five focal significances about the life of the homeless. (1) Unplanned Life : Difficult life comes from outside situation, Freedom, The acceptance of unconsciousness life, Laziness, Unreliability, The dissolute life, No purpose to life, Relying on drinking, (2) Self-rationalization : Feeling of defeat, Give up, Desire for a support system, Lack of willingness, Anxiety, Chivalry, Falsehoods, (3) Superficial Interpersonal Relationships : Ignorance, Pressure, Discord, Hiding from one anther, avoidance. (4) A sense of devestation : Negative perspective, Mental weakness, Difficulties in employment, ambivalance with social structure, The place to escape, Complaining against the opposite sex, Sense of regret, Lack of relationship with family, The lack of self-confidence, Loss of volition (5) The Hope of new life : Realization, Desire for change, Dreaming of married life, Dependence in God CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study shows that the men in the shelter had various psychological reasons for being in the homeless shelter. Further studies need to be done to validate this information and formulate ways to assist these men with their psychological needs.
PURPOSE This study was conducted to describe qualitatively the entities of nurse's experiences in general hospitals and to suggest basic data guiding research on developing Standards of clinical nursing practice in Korea. METHOD Fourteen nurses working at general hospitals with over 300 beds in Seoul were interviewed in-depth until saturation using tape-recorders and transcription. RESULT The central theme of clinical nursing practice experienced by subjects was "being with clients" that means accepting client's personal character, solving client's needs and providing client-centered nursing. A also "being with clients" was felt to be the responsibility of nurses which was learned from their nursing schools. The nursing strategies performed in order to be with patients were proving skillful nursing techniques, accepting, educating, emotional support, advocating, and self-reflecting, the subjects experienced somewhat problematic affects such as difficulties in interpersonal relationship, work overload, negative image of nursing, deficit of self-confidence for nursing actions, poor working conditions, and unfair treatment. Nurses at the hospital practiced with pride when they felt that they were accepted by clients. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to analysis problems in clinical practice and the comparison of nurses' experiences of clinical practice, with nurses' experiences in various settings.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nurses' pain experience on the inference of their patients' suffering. METHOD Study subjects were sampled from 184 nurses who worked in general wards in one S university hospital located at Seoul. Nurses' pain experience consists of personal pain experience and professional pain experience. The Standard Measure of Inference of Suffering (Davitz and Davitz, 1981) was used for suffering inference measure, and patients' suffering which consists of physical pain and psychological distress. RESULT Suffering inference scores of nurses without personal pain experience revealed a higher value than that of nurses with personal pain experience. But these differences were not statistically significant. The higher intense pain was experienced, the higher were suffering inference scores. This physical pain inference score was statistically significant(p=.044). Of the nurses who had personal pain experience, suffering inference scores of nurses with unrelieved pain experience revealed a higher value than that of nurses with relieved pain experience. Physical pain and psychological distress inference scores were statistically significant(p=.010, p=.006). Suffering inference scores of nurses without professional pain experience(internal medicine, general surgery, orthopedic surgery) revealed a higher value than that of nurses with professional pain experience. Professional pain experience of internal medical illness was statistically significant in psychological distress of internal medical illness (p=.044), and professional pain experience of orthopedic surgical illness was statistically significant in physical pain of orthopedic surgical illness(p=.027). CONCLUSION Nurses who have experienced low pain intensity or good pain relief are inclined n to underestimate patient' pain. Although nurses who care for the same patient over a long time deal skillfully with that patient, nurses are inclined to underestimate that patients' pain. Nurses need to be aware of possible biases related to pain assessment as a result of pain experience.
This Qualitative nursing research used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to discover meaning in an self-transcendence experience. The ultimate aim of the inquiry was to discover the essence of self-transcendence experience and to promote understanding. The study used van Manen's Methodology of phenmonological research. Multiple strategies for data collecting were utilized: in depth face-to-face interview and analysis of elders' literature. The following themes of experience emerged: Accepting becoming older as a natural phenomenon, transferring to one's own sons' and daughters' oriented life. Maintaining harmonious relationship with neighbors and peer, observing real situations with silence, forming internal integrity with perseverance, compromising own's real situation, actualizing one's death, giving up roots of life, depending on God and conforming to human limitation. From this study essential themes for understanding self-transcendence experience and needs for continuing inquiry were identified.
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