Purpose
This study aimed to identify sex-specific predictors of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recognizing sex-based differences in risk factors may facilitate the early detection and prevention of diabetic kidney disease. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g. Multivariable complex sample logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for male and female. Independent variables included age, duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), TG, HDL-C, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Results: The prevalence of microalbuminuria was higher in male than in female. In both sexes, longer diabetes duration and elevated SBP were associated with microalbuminuria. Among male, FBS, TG/HDL-C ratio, TG, and low HDL-C were significant predictors. In female, HbA1c showed the strongest association, followed by age and diabetes duration. Conclusion: Sex-specific differences were identified in the predictors of microalbuminuria among patients with type 2 diabetes. Incorporating these differences into early screening and individualized care strategies may help improve the prevention of diabetic kidney complications.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to dyslipdemia and hypertension among male office workers.
METHODS
This study was a cross-sectional survey. The sample was 204 male office workers aged 30 to 62 years without cardiovascular disease and not taking medication for hypertension and dyslipidemia. Data were collected from November, 2011 to March, 2012. Dyslipidemia was examined by checking serum lipid profiles.
RESULTS
Dyslipidemia was related to career (adjusted OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 1.51), time spent at desk (adjusted OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03~1.51), job stress of Q25-49 (adjusted OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.24~5.93), inactivity (adjusted OR 6.86, 95% CI 2.62~17.93), and snack intake frequency (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03~2.38). Hypertension was related to career (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01~1.14), heavy drinking (adjusted OR 5.00, 95% CI 1.25~20.04), and snack intake frequency (adjusted OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.33~3.34).
CONCLUSION
Work and lifestyle-related factors were associated with dyslipidemia and hypertension in male office workers. These findings suggest that lifestyle intervention and improvement of working conditions are integral parts of cardiovascular disease prevention.

Citations

• Effects of a Remote Physical Activity Improvement Program on Male Office Workers with Metabolic Syndrome in Their 30s and 40s with Sedentary Behavior: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Kyong Sil Park, Seon Young Hwang
  Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(2): 81.     CrossRef
• Factors Associated With Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Behavior Among Office Workers Based on an Ecological Model
  Jihyon Pahn, Youngran Yang
  Sage Open.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparison of Blood Triglyceride Level by Health and Dietary Behaviors Using the Seventh (2018) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)
  Min Young Chong, Inhwa Han
  Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2021; 31(5): 299.     CrossRef
• Health promotion program for office workers with SEM based on the WHO’s healthy workplace framework
  Hosihn Ryu, Jiyeon Jung, Jihyun Moon
  Health Promotion International.2020; 35(6): 1369.     CrossRef
• Investigation of Healthy Life Practices among Korean Males and Females in relation to Dyslipidemia Using data from the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  Sun-Hee Lee, GyeongAe Seomun
  Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(1): 327.     CrossRef
• Association of Work-related Characteristics and Hypertension among White Collar Workers
  Chae-Bong Kim, KyooSang Kim
  Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(3): 418.     CrossRef