Purpose The aim of this study was to identify the coping profiles of patients with coronary artery disease and to examine their associations with cardiac health behavior. Methods In this cross-sectional study, data from 203 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary artery disease were analyzed. Data collection occurred between September 2020 and June 2021, utilizing self-report questionnaires and electronic medical records at a cardiology outpatient clinic. Descriptive statistics, latent profile analysis, and logistic regression were employed for data analysis. Results The Type I coping profile was characterized by the greater use of most coping strategies, particularly problem-focused approaches, relative to the other profiles. The Type II coping profile exhibited below-average use of all coping strategies, except for substance use. The Type III coping profile displayed higher tendencies toward venting, self-blame, denial, behavioral disengagement, and substance use compared to the other profiles. Patients with the Type I coping profile displayed greater engagement in cardiac health behavior than those with Type II and Type III, as indicated by odds ratios of 2.57 (95% confidence interval=1.31~5.07) and 7.19 (95% confidence interval=2.10~24.56), respectively. Conclusion Participation in cardiac health behavior varies according to the coping profiles of patients with coronary artery disease. Healthcare providers should recognize and support appropriate coping strategies in these patients to promote healthy behaviors. A longitudinal study investigating how changes in coping profiles relate to cardiac health behavior could assist patients with coronary artery disease in maintaining such behaviors.
Purpose Pressure ulcers (PUs) are a common problem affecting the quality of life of patients and also hindering the quality of medical services. The purpose of this scoping review was to analyze Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) focusing on devices used for the prevention and treatment of PUs. Methods The scoping review was conducted using the scoping review process outlined by Arskey and O’ Malley and using the JBI template. The review was described by PRISMA-ScR. Studies on relevant interventional devices for PUs were searched using electronic databases. The medical databases PubMed, CINHAL, CENTRAL, and EMBASE, and several Korean databases were searched between 2010 and July 2021. Results Thirteen RCTs were included in the analysis. The devices used were found to be effective in the prevention and treatment of PUs by the mechanisms of either pressure relief, moisture retention, or increased blood flow. The effectiveness of the devices was measured by the incidence of PUs and the improvement in patients’ quality of life and comfort after therapy. Conclusion The use of devices for the prevention and treatment of PUs is helpful in clinical settings. However, more studies are needed that address the use of these devices in larger populations to improve the quality of patients’ life and medical service.
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Purpose The aim of this article is to provide detailed information on scoping reviews, including definition, related processes, and differences between scoping reviews and systematic reviews, and to discuss the limitations of scoping reviews.
Methods: This article briefly introduces the researchers to the purpose of a scoping review, methodological framework and related examples, limitations and useful tips for conducting a scoping review.
Results: A scoping review is a relatively new approach of evidence synthesis that provides an overview/map of the available research evidence without generating a summary estimation. Therefore, scoping reviews are particularly useful when a body of literature has not yet been comprehensively examined, or has a complex or heterogeneous phenomena unsuitable for conducting systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence.
Conclusion: Because of the variability in the methods of performing scoping review, there is a need for methodological standardization to improve the utility and robustness of review findings.
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PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships among pain belief, perceived social support, coping strategies, and quality of life of people with noncongenital spinal cord injury and to identify factors influencing quality of life. METHODS A correlational predictive design was used. The data were collected from 197 people with noncongenital spinal cord injury with questionnaires in 2012 in Korea. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS Pain belief, perceived social support, and coping strategies were correlated significantly with the quality of life. As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, pain belief, perceived social support, coping strategies, damaged area, and time since injury were discovered to account for 59.1% variance of the quality of life. The variable that most affected the quality of life was pain belief followed by perceived social support and coping strategies. CONCLUSION The results of the study clearly demonstrate the importance of pain control, social support, and coping skills in order to improve quality of life among people with noncongenital spinal cord injury.
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PURPOSE This study examined relationships among stress, stress coping strategies, and somatization in mothers-in-law from multi-cultural families in a rural area. METHODS Elderly mothers-in-law (n=227) living with foreign daughters-in-law completed a self-reporting questionnaire. Data were collected from April to August 2009. Questions related to stress (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), coping strategies (Coping Strategy Scale) for stress, and somatization (Symptom Check List 90, Revised). SPSS/WIN 12.0 program was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Subjects had a moderate level of stress (5.03). There were significant differences in stress level according to age, educational level, religion, chronic disease, health status, number of children, agreement of an international marriage of her sons, satisfaction in living with a foreign daughter-in-law, and family conflict. Stress showed a significant positive correlation with offensive coping strategy, passive strategy, and somatization. Stress, offensive coping strategy, and passive coping strategy affected the level of somatization. CONCLUSION In a family situation involving co-habitation of mother- and foreign daughter-in-law, increased stress experienced by the mother-in-law can lead to increased offensive and passive coping strategies, and increased somatization. More effective means of stress reduction are needed for mothers-in-law from multi-cultural families.
PURPOSE The purpose of this descriptive study was to compare ways of coping and physical symptoms of realistic optimist with unrealistic optimist in university students. METHODS The participants for this study were students from three university, located in Seoul and Gangwon province. The data were collected by a questionnaire given to the students. RESULTS The most frequently used coping skills of realistic/unrealistic optimist was the pursuit of social support. Realistic optimists are likely to use not only active coping skills but also passive coping skills, on the other hand unrealistic optimists tend to less use all coping skills. But in physical health, it doesn't show a significant differences except gastro-intestinal symptoms between two group. CONCLUSION Based on the finding of this study, it is needed nursing intervention for strengthening realistic optimism for helping university students cope with stress and health.
PURPOSE This study was conducted to identify the personality type, problematic drinking pattern, and stress coping style of the nasal bone fracture patients by comparing those with general fracture patients. METHODS: 50 nasal bone fracture patients due to violence and 50 general fracture patients due to simple trauma, such as fall and traffic accident were conveniently selected. RESULTS: The study results showed that nasal bone fracture patients due to violence significantly presented higher level of A type personality and more problematic drinking pattern than general fracture patients due to simple trauma. Stress coping style, however, did not show significant difference between two groups. CONCLUSION: In order to prepare prevention strategies for basal bone fracture in the future, health education alter problematic drinking habit to sound drinking pattern may be offered and provided nursing interventions tailored to A type personality.
PURPOSE The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify predictors on health promoting behaviors of university students. METHODS The participants were 310 students by convenience sampling in G city. The data were collected through a questionnaire given to the students between September 10 to November 6, 2006. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The mean score for the level of health promoting behaviors and optimism was 2.60(+/-.31) and 2.70(+/-.55) respectively. The most frequently used coping skill was the pursuit of social support. There were positive correlations between health promoting behaviors and optimism, between health promoting behaviors and active coping skill, and between health promoting behaviors and passive coping skill. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, the most powerful predictor of health promoting behaviors was active coping skill. CONCLUSION The results suggest that coping skills with optimism can be considered when developing a health promotion program for university students.
PURPOSE This study examined the effects of spirituality promoting intervention for the stomach and colon cancer patients. METHOD A quasi-experimental design was used. Data collection was carried out from April 2004 to June, 2004 at a cancer center in Korea. The intervention included pray, meditation, group education and discussion for coping with cancer. The experimental group were received a 1-hour intervention per week for 6 weeks, while the control group received usual care. Data collection was done at pre and post intervention. The degree of spirituality was measured by the Korean version of WHOQOL-SRPB pilot test(WHO Quality of Life-Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs pilot test) Module, and social support was measured using scores on a PRQ 85(Personal Resources Questionnaire). Fighting spirit was measured by the scores of MAC(Mental Adjustment to Cancer) scale. RESULTS The experimental group showed significant increase in the scores of social support and fighting spirit compared to those in the control group after the intervention. There were no significant changes in terms of the spirituality score compared to the baseline score in the experimental group and the control group. CONCLUSION This intervention appeared to be effective in increasing social support and fighting spirit, which considered to be very helpful in cancer adjustment.
PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to identify the level of total symptom distress, uncertainty, depression and ways of coping in women with endometriosis based on Mishel's model of Uncertainty in Chronic illness, and to exam the relationships among symptom distress, depression and ways of coping and the mediating effect of ways of coping between uncertainty and depression. METHOD: The research was used for correlational research design and data were collected with 123 women with endometriosis who live in a local area by convenience sampling. RESULTS: The finding showed that the levels of symptom distress and uncertainty were moderate and the depression was above the middle level. There were positive relationships among symptom distress, uncertainty and depression but a negative relationship between problem focused coping and depression. The significant predictors for depression were symptom distress, uncertainty, and problem focused coping with 40% of explained variance. Problem focused coping showed mediating effect between uncertainty and depression. CONCLUSION: Therefore, nursing intervention for the strategy of increasing problem focused coping as well as lowering uncertainty and depression is recommended. Further study is needed to conduct a repetitive study with randomized nationwide population and to evaluate the theory with different outcomes for adaptation versus maladaptation.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between spirituality and a fighting spirit among the patients with cancer. METHODS: The participants were 223 patients diagnosed stomach, colorectal or breast cancer, and who were in chemotherapy or follow up care. The study design was cross-sectional at the time of the data collection. The degree of spirituality was measured by the Korean version of WHOQOL Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs (SRPB) Pilot Test Module, and fighting spirit was measured by the scores of Mental Adjustment to Cancer(MAC) scale. RESULTS: The score of love appeared to be higher in the patients with follow up care than the patients with treatment(p<0.05) and the score of believing was much higher in patients with recurrence than the patients without (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation among hope, believing, love, forgiveness and acceptance, and fighting spirit. In the multiple regression analysis, hope and believing explained much variance of the fighting spirit. CONCLUSION: These finding showed that the more hopeful and believing patients with cancer had higher scores of fighting spirit, which was known to be one of the most active coping style in adjusting to cancer.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate factors determining health behavior for middle-aged adults in relation to stress coping behaviors, cognitive factors, social support, and sociodemographic variables. METHOD: The questionnaire survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 203 middle aged in a community settings. The data analysis procedure included frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regressions using health behavior as dependent variable. RESULT: Among the sociodemographic variables, factors such as sex, educational and eonomic levels were associated with the health behaviors. There were significant correlations between health behaviors and saliency of health, social support, and positive-stress coping behaviors. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that the factors such as positive-stress coping behaviors, saliency of health, sex, and education turned out to be significant affecting factors. Twenty eight percent of varience in health behavior was explained by these factors. CONCLUSION: Positive-stress coping methods were turned out to be the most important effective factors in practicing of health behaviors of middle aged. The necessity of an intervention considering the situation related to their stress and coping methods in middle aged so as to promote positive health behaviors was suggested.
PURPOSE The purpose was to examine the effectiveness of a psychosocial stress management program on stress and coping in student nurses. METHOD: A nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design was used. A convenience sample of 24 students from the Department of Nursing, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University were assigned to experimental (n=12) and control groups (n=12). Stress was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (10 points) and blood cortisol. Coping was measured using a scale modified by So (1995) based on the Ways of Coping Checklist developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1985). Depression was measured using the CES-D by Radloff (1977) and state anxiety, using the State Anxiety Inventory by Spielberger (1976). The psychosocial stress management program included education, relaxation (Korean Dan Jeon-typed Breathing and music), and social support. RESULTS: Results showed for the two groups, 1) a significant difference in stress scores (U= 19.50, p=0.002), 2) no difference in cortisol levels (8am, 4pm), 3) a significant difference in problem-focused coping (U=25.50, p=0.007), 4) no difference in emotion-focused coping, and 5) no difference in state anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: By utilizing the program, students were able to learn how to control their stress and improve their coping. Therefore with a partial modification, psychosocial stress management can be useful for continual management of stress in student nurses.
PURPOSE This study was founded to identify perception and ways of coping with stress according to classification of Sasangin(4 constitutions). METHOD The subjects were 258 regular students who majored in oriental medicine in Jechon and Seoul. Data was collected by 3 types of questionnaires for 3 months; Perceived stess, ways of coping, Questionnaires of Sasang Constitution Classification (QSCC II). Data analysis was conducted by SPSS version 10. RESULT 1) Difference of perceived stress in Sasangin: Perceived stress by the Sasangin indicated that Soeumin perceived more stress than Soyangin and Taeumin(P=0.013). 2) Different method in coping with stress of Sasangin: It was found that Soeumin didn't make use of emotional coping way according to the analysis(P=0.040). 3) Relationship between ways of coping for stress and perceived stress in Sasangin: It was shown that as Soeumin perceived stress so higher than Soyangin and Taeumin, they tended to use the solving problem-method therefore it was shown to have a negative correlation(P=0.044). CONCLUSION In conclusion, it was found that there were differences of Sasangin in perceived stress and ways to cope with it. The dose relationship between the perception and coping method of stress was found.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect coping with fatigue in middle-aged men according to Q-methodology and to provide basic strategies for health promotion. METHOD 25 subjects in Seoul, Incheon, Chung-buk classified 24 selected Q-statements in to 9 points standard. The collected data were analyzed by using a QUNAL pc program. RESULT Principal component analysis identified 3 types of coping with fatigue among middle-aged Korean men. 1st Type: Coping with fatigue through various kinds of game, using alcohol, smoking cigarette other than rest and sleep. 2nd Type : Coping with fatigue through rest and sleep, taking medicine or food which helps relieving fatigue. 3rd Type : Coping with fatigue through acitivities such as sports or trip other than sleep. CONCLUSION We have found how Korean middle-aged men cope against fatigue through this research. To setup and apply different nursing intervention on each type based on this result is needed.
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of in the level of pain, depression, and quality of life by coping strategy in the chronic arthritis patients. METHOD These data were collected by means of a self-reported questionnaire from 90 chronic arthritis patients undergoing treatment at a university hospital in Daegu city from June 10, 2000 to July 15, 2000. The instruments of study were coping strategy scale by Jeon(1985), pain scale by Lee and Song(1987), depression scale by Radloff(1977) and quality of life scale by Cho(1987). Data analysis was done by SPSS Win 10.0 program and Pearson correlation, t-test, Cronbach's-alpha were used. RESULT The results of this study were as follows: 1. The item mean score of pain for chronic arthritis patient was 6.54. The item mean score of depression for chronic arthritis patient was 2.18. The item mean score of quality of life for chronic arthritis patient was 5.69. 2. The chronic arthritis patients with problem-focused coping experienced pain higher than those with emotion-focused coping(t=o.400, p=o.o45). The chronic arthritis patients with emotion-focused coping experienced depression higher than those with problem-focused coping(t=-2.564, p=0.012). The chronic arthritis patients with problem-focused coping experienced quality of life higher than emotion-focused coping(t=-1.682, p=0.046). CONCLUSION In conclusion this study showed that any coping strategy can control the arthritis patient's problem. Therfore, The development of a coping strategy to reduce pain and depression and improve the quality of life in the chronic arthritis patient will be needed.
PURPOSE The objectives for this study were to identify the factors that correlate with appraisal of illness and to explore what variables are predictive of cancer patients primary caregivers' cognitive appraisal for stress. METHOD The subjects were selected by convenient sampling and 130 caregivers who completed a questionnaire. Measures used in this study included the Family Inventory of Resources for Management, Social Support Index, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales and Family Coping Coherence Index. Pearson correlation was used to identify the relationship among factors and multiple regression was used to determine the individual and cumulative effect of potential predictors on the caregivers' appraisal. RESULTS Patient's level of activity, severity of the disease, quality of relation between patient and caregiver, caregiver's subjective health status, economic status, family resources and coping were significantly correlated. Among the variables, coping, family resources, economic status and quality of relation between caregiver and patient predicted 49.2 percent of the variance in appraisal of caregivers' stress condition. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that coping mechanisms and family resources are important for positive appraisal. Nurses should provide adequate nursing care for the primary caregiver about professional care information and supportive counseling.
The purpose of this study was to identify correlation of stress, coping patterns and physical symptoms in cancer patient's caregiver. The stress was measured by VAS( Visual Analogue Scale). The coping methods were measured using the modified Ways of Coping Questionnaire by Yang (1998) and the actual physical symptoms were investigated. The phases of patient illness consisted of 1st (initial) stage, and 2nd (recurred) stage and 3rd (terminal) stage based on literature (Lewandowski & Jones, 1988). The data were collected by a survey conducted from March to July, 2000 and which included 196 cancer patients' caregivers from two hospitals in Seoul. The data were analyzed using paired t-test, unpaired t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. The average of caregivers' stress scores was 62.5. Problem-focused coping methods were significantly used more than emotion-focused coping methods by the cancer patients' caregiver. The mean number of caregivers' physical symptom was 1.03. 2. There were significantly high level of stress in women, those who were more than 60 years old, those who had a low education level, those who had no job, those who are patients' wives' and those who are terminal patients' caregiver. There were significantly low levels of coping in women, those who were more than 60 years old, those who had low education levels, those who had no job and those who are patients' wives. There were significantly higher number of physical symptoms in women, and those who have no job. 3. Caregivers' stress was significantly correlated to problem-focused coping methods (r=-.21, p=.006), and physical symptom (r=-.28, p=.0001). In conclusion, attempts to develop nursing interventions for cancer patients' caregiver in women, those who are more than 60 years old, with a low education level, have no job, and are cancer patients' wives could have an improvement on positive coping methods and provide relaxation from stress in the patients' experience.
The relationships among self efficacy, depression and coping with cancer were examined in 194 outpatients who had received a diagnosis of cancer. The sample for this descriptive correlational study consisted of people who were at least 19 years old and had been treated for cancer at 6 hospital in Seoul. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. The results of this study are as follows: 1. People who attributed cancer to heredity/ family showed the highest mean score of self efficacy. People who attributed cancer to smoking showed the highest mean score of depression. and coping. 2. There were significant differences between causal attribution and depression and between causal attribution and coping. 3. There was a negative correlation between self-efficacy and depression(r=-.301, p= .000), whereas there was a positive correlation between self-efficacy and coping (r=.195, 0=.006). Finally, it is evident that identifying clear perceived causes, self-efficacy, depression and coping in patients with cancer continues to challenge researchers. Based upon this study, it is recommended that future research have a longitudinal design that allows for the identification of changes in perception, emotion and coping and, possibly, different relationships over time.
This study was designed to offer descriptive data for nursing intervention for relief of fatigue and pain, and to distinguish by the characteristic difference and the symptoms such as fatigue and pain on Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Fibromyalgia(FM), and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) patients. The sample consisted of 92 patients(AS 29; FM 30; SLE 33) who visited H-University Rheumatism Hospital in Seoul. The data were collected by a structured questionnaire from May 1, 1999 to April 30, 2000. The results were as follows: Patients of 95% experienced fatigue in the last week and a fatigue score of three disease groups were above average. The fatigue score of FM patients was highest in the other disease, but which was not a statistically significant difference(F=1.417, p=.248). The mean score of AS and FM patients in pain was higher than the SLE patients, and there was the statistical significance among the three groups on pain (F=8.239, p=.001). There wasn't a statistical difference among three groups on coping wtih pain(F=1.451, p=.240). There wasn't any correlation between fatigue and pain in each disease (AS: r=.008, p=.966; FM: r=.328, p=.077; SLE: r=.237,p=.185). Therefore, morning stiffness and pain management during sleeping is needed through good body alignment in the AS patients. Adequate rest for fatigue and multiple coping strategies for pain maybe basic nursing intervention in FM and SLE. According to their fatigue rhythm, a regular exercise program is needed for rheumatic disease because they complained of fatigue above average and their fatigue was repeated better and worse only during the one week.
Cancer has been the leading cause of death in this country and produces high levels of stress not only in the patients themselves but also in their families. Caregiving during serious illness is a new experience for many family caregivers and social support and coping strategies have been found to reduce unfavorable health outcomes to stressful events such as cancer. The purpose of this investigation was to identify the relationship of caregiving stress, coping methods, social support, and health in caregivers of patients with cancer according to the phases of cancer illness. The subjects were 92 primary cargivers of cancer patients based on their phases of illness that consisted of 1st (initial) stage, 2nd (metastatic or recurring) stage, 3rd (terminal) stage recruited from two general hospitals in Seoul and Choongnam. The mean age of subjects was 39.1 years and 64.1% of subjects were female and 72.8% were married. The relationships to the patient were children(50%) or spouses (45.7%). According as the phase of illness progressed, caregiver's stress rose higher and their health got worse but coping methods and social support did not show a significant change. In the 1st stage the major predictors for the health of caregivers were family network support(R2=0.261, p=0.003) and the stress of the caregivers (R2=0.168, P=0.007). In the 2nd stage the most important predictor for the health of the caregivers was the stress of the caregivers (R2=0.483, P=0.000). Also in the 3rd stage the main predictor for health was the stress of the caregivers (R2=0.381, p=0.006). A better understanding of the stress process in family caregivers is needed so that nurses can provide family-centered care, taking into account caregiver, as well as patient, well-being.
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