Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of medication adherence in patients with heart failure and explore the factors related to it.
Methods
Cross-sectional and descriptive surveys were conducted in 107 patients with heart failure who visited C Hospital in D City. Data were collected from patients using self-report questionnaires between May 2015 and November 2016, and their medical records were identified. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses using SPSS.
Results
The mean score of medication adherence was 10.23±2.70. Patients with long-term adverse effects showed worse medication adherence than those without long-term adverse effects (t=2.55, p=.012). Medication adherence positively correlated with depression (r=.34, p=.001) and barriers (r=.48, p=.001) but negatively correlated with attitude (r=-.39, p=.001). The hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the model with two independent variables of long-term adverse effects (β=-.23, p=.008) and barriers (β=.37, p<.001) explained the 29.6% in medication adherence (F=11.93, p<.001).
Conclusion
To improve medication adherence, a nursing strategy to reduce long-term adverse effects and barriers accompanied by continuous monitoring is required.

Citations

• A predictive model for medication adherence in older adults with heart failure
  Eun Ha Oh, Chun-Ja Kim, Elizabeth A Schlenk
  European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2024; 23(6): 635.     CrossRef
• One‐year trajectories of self‐care behaviours and unplanned hospital readmissions among patients with heart failure: A prospective longitudinal study
  Youn‐Jung Son, Insil Jang
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2023; 32(17-18): 6427.     CrossRef
• The Role of Depression on Treatment Adherence in Patients with Heart Failure–a Systematic Review of the Literature
  Valentina Poletti, Francesco Pagnini, Paolo Banfi, Eleonora Volpato
  Current Cardiology Reports.2022; 24(12): 1995.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in smoking related characteristics and psychological features of coronary artery patients by the stages of change in smoking cessation behaviors. METHOD: Subjects for this survey were 97 patients who were smoking when doctors diagnosed them to have coronary artery diseases. RESULT: Subjects were distributed 21.6% in precontemplation stage, 24.7% in contemplation stage, 17.5% in preparation stage, 19.6% in action stage, and 16.5% in maintenance stage respectively. The numbers of previous attempts to quit smoking of subjects in precontemplation stage(mean=3.00, SD=3.71) and contemplation stage(mean=2.63, SD=2.32) were significantly lower than that of subjects in preparation stage(mean=5.82, SD= 6.20). Benefit scores of subjects in maintenance stage were significantly greater than those of subjects in precontemplation stage. Self-efficacy, barriers, seriousness, and nicotine dependency were not significantly different by the stages of change. Number of signs and symptoms related to smoking which subjects were experiencing were not significant by the stages of change too. CONCLUSION: Future intervention programs for smoking cessation should be focused on the strategies to enhance the realization of health benefits that patients might acquire from smoking cessation.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to 1) find out the frequency of tobacco control intervention, barriers, and facilitators. 2) compare the differences in tobacco control intervention, barriers, and facilitators between oncology nurses and general nurses. METHOD: A sample was composed of 96 oncology nurses and 284 general nurses. The survey questionnaire was mailed out to nurses who were working at the randomly selected hospitals throughout the country. The questionnaire was adopted from the study of national survey on oncology nurse's tobacco interventions in United States by Sarnar, et al.(2000). RESULTS: Oncology nurses were found to provide tobacco control interventions more frequently comparing to the general nurses. "Patient not motivated to quit smoking", "Lack of time", "Lack of recognition/ rewards", were the most commonly identified barriers. "Patient wants to quit", "Adequate time", "Confidence in ability help people to stop smoking", were the most commonly identified facilitators. CONCLUSIONS: Although oncology nurses are in an important position in delivering tobacco interventions and providing resources, their participation in consistent delivery of a tobacco control intervention was less than desirable. To help nurses participate in the assessment of tobacco use and interventions for cessation, the development of educational program is necessary.

PURPOSE
The specific aims of this study was to find out the barrier to smoking cessation intervention in clinical practice among clinical nurses and compare them in high barrier group with those in the low barrier group. METHOD: The sample of this study consisted of 738 nurses practicing in general hospitals with over 400 beds throughout the country. The questionnaire was adopted from the 'Oncology Nurse's Tobacco Control Survey' used in the United Stated by Sarna et al.(2001). RESULT: Age, marital status, hospital experience, position were the variables related to the mean score of subjective resource insufficiency. The perception that the patient was not motivated to quit smoking was the most commonly identified barrier in low barrier group and the second most common barrier in high barrier group. CONCLUSION: Younger, with less clinical experience, single, staff nurses were the characteristics of nurses in the high barrier group. The smoking cessation educational program should be targeted to these populations. Further research is needed to develope strategies to reduce the perception associated with barriers in delivery of tobacco cessation interventions.

The purpose of this study was to identify the barrier factors of health behaviors of urban and rural elderly and to compare the health behaviors and level of barriers between two groups, and finally to get the basic informations about the adequate nursing strategies to promote the health state of urban and rural elderly. The subjects of this study were 177 over the age of 65, 81 elderly lived in Seoul and 96 elderly lived in rural areas. The instruments for this study were the health behavior scale(14 items) and the barrier scale (118 items) developed by Gu et al(2003). For the data analysis, SPSS PC program was utilized for descriptive statistics, chi2- test, t-test, Pearson correlation. The results of this study were ; 1. The mean score of health behaviors (range 1-4) was 2.69 in urban elderly and 2.33 in rural elderly ; there was significant difference(t=5.03, P=.00). 2. There were significant differences in levels of barriers(range 1-3) between the two groups, such as calcium intake(t=-3.16, P=.00), regular exercise(t=-3.80, P=.00), exercise time(t=-5.54, P=.00), use of stress reduction method(t=-3.45, P=.00), regular check up(t=-3.89, P=.00), vaccination(t= -3.83, P=.00). Higher levels of barriers were found in rural elderly than in urban elderly.3. Lack of habituation, lack of will power and lack of knowledge in calcium intake; lack of time, lack of habituatuion, lack of family support, lack of will power and lack of environment in exercise; lack of perceived benefit, lack of time, lack of will power and lack of knowledge in use of stress reduction method; lack of time, lack of interest, lack of habituation and lack of will power in disease prevention were significantly higher in rural elderly than in urban elderly.In the conclusion, nursing interventions should be planned based on the social environment of elderly. To promote the health state of elderly, interventions to decrease the barrier levels and to reduce the barrier factors to health behaviors should be implemented.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived health state, personality, situational barrier, health promoting behavior, to provide the basic data for health promoting intervention. METHOD: This study was designed as a descriptive correlation study. Data were 396 undergraduate students of one university in Chung-Buk. The instruments for this study were the modified health promoting behavior scale developed by Bak, Insuk(1995), and the modified perceived health state scale developed by Im, Meeyoung (1998), the modified personality scale developed by Park, Youngbae(1998), the modified situational barrier scale developed by Im, Meeyoung(1998). RESULT: The results of this study showed that the mean score for perceived health state 2.72, personality 3.35, situational barrier 2.72 and health promoting behavior 2.67. The health promoting behavior categories, scores for 'sanitary life'(3.08), 'self-actualization and interrelationship'(2.93) were higher than the mean score, whereas scores for 'healthy diet'(2.64), 'rest and sleep'(2.62), 'exercise and stress management'(2.49), and 'diet management' (2.25) were lower than the mean score. This study revealed the negative correlation between perceived health state, personality, situational barrier and health promoting behavior in undergraduate students. CONCLUSION: Perceived health state accounted for 16% and personality accounted for 21.3% of the variance in health promoting behavior in students. Therefore, health promoting programs that increase health state and personality should be developed to promote health behavior and to diminish situational barrier for students in Korea.

PURPOSE
Perceived barriers to exercise were investigated for adults.
METHOD
A total 1266 subjects were selected by a quota sampling method with age, gender, and residence. Perceived barriers were categorized under 4 groups: knowledge, psychological, physical, and external factors. All 23 items of perceived barriers were responded on a dichotomous (yes/no) scale.
RESULT
Mean number of perceived barriers was 4.61 and 87.9% subjects perceived at least one barrier which prevented involvement in exercise. External barriers ranked highest, followed in order by psychological, knowledge, and physical barriers. Most factors of perceived barriers were found to be different by age, gender, and residence, in that, the younger, female, living in Daejeon subjects were found to respond with more barriers than the older, male, living in Chungju or Seoul.
CONCLUSION
Perceived barriers to exercise are differenct by age, gender, and residence. Therefore, it is recommended that age, gender, and residence of subjects must be considered in order to develop exercise programs and public campaigns.