PURPOSE
There is limited available research about the experiences of family caregivers and their care of family members with cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of distress among family caregivers. Further, this study explored what aspects of caring for family member contributed to the distress.
METHODS
Data were collected through in-depth interviews with thirteen family members primarily responsible for the care of the member with cancer. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, and analyzed with qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS
The findings showed that the patients' physical, psychological, socio-relational, and spiritual symptoms influenced their caregivers' distress. The four categories that emerged from the data included “focusing attention only on the patient battling with cancer,”“being trapped in turmoil of complex emotions and feelings,”“having had to endure alone,” and “hanging in there at the crossroads of life and death.” With respect to these categories, fourteen sub-categories were ultimately identified.
CONCLUSION
Based on this study, researchers need to focus more attention on, and explore such co-existing distress to develop an adequate support program for the family caregivers of cancer patients.

Citations

• Caregivers of patients with cancer: perceived stress, quality of life and immune function
  Yoonjoo Kim, Misook L Chung, Hyangkyu Lee
  BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care.2025; 15(2): 195.     CrossRef
• Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire–Carer
  JuHee Lee, Young H. Sohn, Seok Jong Chung, Sung Hae Kim, Yujin Suh, Jungah Park, Yielin Kim
  Journal of Clinical Neurology.2023; 19(6): 547.     CrossRef
• Influences of Depression and Social Support on Quality of Life in Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy at an Outpatient Department
  Hye Young Kim, Eun Ko
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2022; 29(4): 430.     CrossRef
• Factors Related to the Caregiving Burden on Families of Korean Patients With Lung Cancer
  Hyun Jung Lee, Soo Kyung Park
  Clinical Nursing Research.2022; 31(6): 1124.     CrossRef
• Caregiving experiences of Korean family caregivers of cancer patients: An integrative literature review
  Eunice E. Lee, Shin‐Young Lee
  Psycho-Oncology.2020; 29(10): 1486.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing caregiver burden in families of hospitalised patients with lung cancer
  Ye Ji Seo, Heeok Park
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2019; 28(9-10): 1979.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The objective of the study was to identify impact of depression, fatigue, family support, and resilience on rehabilitation among cancer survivors.
METHODS
One hundred and twenty-four participants who visited an out-patient department were recruited from a university hospital in Korea. An inclusion criterion was no reported relapse following the primary cancer treatment. Data were collected from July 1st to August 31st, 2014. Data analysis included an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression using the SPSS 19.0 program.
RESULTS
Rehabilitation of those with colon and breast cancer was significantly correlated with depression, fatigue, family support and resilience. In a regression analysis, cancer rehabilitation accounted for 79.2% of the variance of depression, fatigue, monthly household income and resilience. The most significant factor affecting the success of rehabilitation was depression (β=-0.39, p < .001).
CONCLUSION
The results of the study indicate the importance of managing depression for the successful rehabilitation of cancer survivors. Nurses should prioritize the development and implementation of effective interventions for the improvement of rehabilitation among cancer survivors.

Citations

• Symptom Distress and Depression in Patients with Recurrent Gynecologic Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy: Mediating Effect of Resilience
  Eun Jung Yang, Ho Sihn Ryu
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(1): 28.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe and explore the adaptation process of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
METHODS
Using a grounded theory methodology, 15 interviews were performed with nine men and six women, 43-83 years of age, suffering from MDS. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method.
RESULTS
The core category emerged as “To do my best in uncertainty”. MDS patients engaged in three stages: Panic, Active fighting against illness, and Putting down/Adaptation phase. Causal conditions were unexpected cancer diagnosis, endless painful treatment, and uncertainty. Contextual conditions were physical deterioration and differences in recovery. The central phenomenon of the illness adaptation process among the patients with MDS was powerlessness at the dead end. Action/Interaction strategies included dependence on the constant medical care, physical energy conservation, mind control and environmental control. Intervening conditions were social support and desire to live. Consequences were hope for recovery and tug-of-war from repetition of exacerbation and recuperation.
CONCLUSION
When caring for these patients, it is important to identify needs, allow patients to express what they want at that moment and support them in maintaining a daily life.

PURPOSE
Subjective Attitudes toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be diverse. The purpose of this study was to identify subjective attitudes toward CPR among hospital nurses working in emergency room and intensive care units.
METHODS
The Q methodology was used. The 42 Q-statements selected by each of the 38 participants were classified into a shape of normal distribution. The collected data were analyzed using a QUANL program.
RESULTS
Three types of attitudes emerged: ‘TypeI, CPR requires professionalism(medical personnel-centered)’, ‘Type II, CPR requires reality (patient-centered)’, and ‘Type III, CPR requires ethicality (human dignity-centered)’.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that nursing intervention programs for the three types should be developed. Mandatory repeat education programs for TypeI, Development of guidelines for the prohibition and termination of CPR for TypeII. Continuing education on wills and advance directives for TypeIII can be helpful.

Citations

• Nurses’ Experiences of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: An Integrative Review of Qualitative Studies
  Myunghwa Jeon, Hyeonji Kang, Sanghee Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(1): 110.     CrossRef
• Predicting nurses' intentions in allowing family presence during resuscitation: A cross‐sectional survey
  Ju Young Park, Jiyeon Ha
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2021; 30(7-8): 1018.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing quality of communication life of older adults in the community.
METHODS
Participants in this study were 128 older adults who registered at the community welfare center. The data were collected from September to October 2015 by using audiometer and three self-administered questionnaires including Korean Evaluation Scale for Hearing Handicap, Korean-Perceived Stress Scale, and Quality of Communication Life Scale. Mean minimal threshold of both ears was defined as 40dB and above for hearing handicap in this study. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression.
RESULTS
According to the screening test result from audiometer measurement, 53.9% of the participants were found to have hearing impairment. The main factors influencing quality of communication life in older adults were subjective hearing handicap of social domain and perceived stress. They explained about 41% of quality of communication life.
CONCLUSION
This study identified that subjective hearing handicap on social domain and self perceived stress in older adults were more important factors for their quality of communication life compared to physical hearing loss. Nurses caring for older people should include strategies to increases communication skills and to decrease communication related stress.

Citations

• Knowledge and Attitude Regarding the Care of the Elderly with Hearing Loss among Nurses
  Ye Seul Kang, Jeong Yun Park
  Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2023; 23(3): 147.     CrossRef
• Association of age-related hearing loss, tinnitus, and chronic low back pain in middle-aged and older Korean adults
  Hye-Mi Noh, Yi Hwa Choi, Jee Hye Wee, Hong Ji Song, Hye-Ji An, Keum Ji Kim, Soo Kyung Lee, Min Soo Jang, Nayoung Yeon, Tadashi Ito
  PLOS ONE.2023; 18(9): e0291396.     CrossRef
• A Grounded Theory Study on the Symptom Acceptance of Tinnitus Patients
  Woo Joung Joung
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(6): 611.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to identify gender and age differences in health status and health behaviors of community-dwelling older adults in an urban city.
METHODS
A convenience sample of 500 older people were recruited. Participants completed eight study instruments by face to face interview. The instruments were the Korea Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Body Mass Index (BMI), Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form, Stanford Research Instruments for Chronic Disease, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea version, EuroQol-5 Dimensions scale (EQ-5D), and the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture Frailty Index.
RESULTS
71.6% were females and mean age of all participants was 74.4 years. Participants were divided into three age groups: 60 to 74 years (n=263, 52.6%), 75 to 84 years (n=207, 41.4%), and ≥85 years (n=30, 6.0%). Significant gender differences were found in educational level, marital status, family type, religion, perceived economic status, K-IADL, SPPB, grip strength, BMI, fatigue, smoking, drinking, communication with physicians and nurses, and EQ-5D. There were significant differences among the three age groups on educational level, marital status, family type, SPPB, grip strength, regular health check-up, communication with physicians and nurses, and frailty.
CONCLUSION
Gender difference should be taken into consideration more than age when policy and preventive programs for community-dwelling older adults in an urban city is developed.

Citations

• Factors Affecting Happiness Among Rural Residents: A Cross Sectional Survey
  Hae Kyung Jo, Hyun Kyoung Kim, Ji Na Jeong
  Community Mental Health Journal.2020; 56(5): 915.     CrossRef
• Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Basic Physical Capability Scale for Older Adults
  Eun-Ok Song, Gwi-Ryung Son Hong
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(1): 21.     CrossRef
• Older Adults' Perceptions of Age-friendliness with an Emphasis on Community Supports and Health Services in a City in South Korea
  Chi-Young Lee, Belong Cho, Youngtae Cho, Yeon-Hwan Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2019; 30(2): 234.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the factors which contribute to the burnout of a family member providing care to a family member in the intensive care unit (ICU).
METHODS
Data about participants' characteristics, stress, burden, social support and burnout were collected from March 1 to September 15, 2016. Data were collected through interviews and a self-report questionnaire. One hundred and twenty-three participants who were the primary caregiver participated in the study.
RESULTS
The reported mean stress score was 2.13±0.78 and of reported burden was 3.24±0.27. The mean score of social support was 3.17±0.59 and of burnout was 2.61±0.58. There were significant differences in education level, financial burden, assistant, and health status in burnout of the family caregivers. Burnout had significant correlations with stress (r=.76, p < .001), burden (r=.43, p < .001), and social support (r=-.62, p < .001). The influencing factors on burnout were stress (β=0.63, p < .001), burden (β=0.14, p=.010), and social support (β=-0.32, p < .001). These variables explained 71.8% of the total variance in burnout.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that stress, burden, and social support should be considered in developing the nursing interventions to improve the burnout among family caregivers of the ICU patients.

Citations

• Challenges Experienced by Family Caregivers of the Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients in Korea: An Integrative Review
  JiYeon Choi, Judith A. Tate, Youn-Jung Son
  Clinical Nursing Research.2021; 30(4): 423.     CrossRef
• Influence of Self-care on Burnout in Primary Family Caregiver of Person with Dementia
  Jeong Hwa Kwon, Gwi-Ryung Son Hong
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(2): 217.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
Korean elderly women residing in rural areas still appear to be marginalized from health services for cancer prevention. The purposes of this study were to measure the degrees of colorectal cancer (CRC) knowledge, health literacy, and self-management behaviors among the elderly women in rural areas and to identify the influences of their CRC knowledge and health literacy on self-management behaviors.
METHODS
Total 121 elderly women aged 65 or older living in rural areas were recruited for this descriptive study and answered survey questionnaires.
RESULTS
The participants' mean age was 78.2±7.51 years old. Of participants, 49.6% completed CRC screening and age of non-screening group was significantly older than that of screening group (χ²=35.31, p < .001). The screening group showed higher levels of CRC knowledge (t=3.76, p < .001) and cancer preventive behaviors (t=2.68, p=.008) than non-screening group. Age (B=0.15) and CRC knowledge (B=-0.36) were identified as influencing factors on the CRC screening. Health literacy (β=.37) and CRC knowledge (β=.30) were found as the most influencing factors on the cancer preventive behaviors.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study could be used as a basis for developing educational interventions and effective strategies specifically for the elderly women residing rural areas in Korea.

Citations

• Structural Equation Modeling Analysis on Health Literacy and Cancer Prevention Behaviors among Medically-Underserved, Low-Income Populations
  Eun Jin Kim, Su Hyun Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2021; 28(1): 83.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing the Self-management Behaviors of the Elderly with Hypertension in the Local Community
  Jeongju Hong
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(3): 303.     CrossRef
• Associations among Health Literacy, Psychosocial Factors, and Cancer-related Health Actions: A Systematic Literature Review
  Eun Jin Kim, Su Hyun Kim
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(6): 565.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe the mediating effect of social support and its relationship between distress and quality of life (QoL) of elderly patients with gastric cancer.
METHODS
186 elderly patients who visited an inpatient/outpatient at two cancer hospitals were recruited from May 30 to July 26, 2017. Distress, social support, and QoL were measured using structured questionnaires such as Distress Thermometer and Problem list, Perceived Social Support scale, and QoL scale for Korean patients with cancer. The mediating effects were analyzed by a multiple hierarchical regression.
RESULTS
Distress was found to have significant negative correlations with social support (r=-.47, p < .001) and QoL (r=-.58, p < .001). There was a positive correlation between social support and QoL (r=.72, p < .001). The influencing factors on QoL were education, recurrence, sleep, dietary problem, distress, and social support. These variables were explained 66% of the variance in QoL. The direct effect of distress on QoL was significant (β=-.24, p < .001) and the indirect effect of distress on QoL via social support was significant (z=-4.14, p < .001).
CONCLUSION
Based on this study findings, intervention programs directed at reducing distress by focusing on bolstering social support is recommended to improve QoL in elderly patients with gastric cancer.

Citations

• Factors Affecting the Quality of Life in Low-Income Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Ju-Hee Nho, Eun Jin Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Predictive Factors for Psychological Distress in Patients with Lung Cancer Who Underwent Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Lobectomy
  Ji Eun Han, Kwhanmien Kim, Jin-Hee Park
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2023; 23(3): 136.     CrossRef
• Factors That Influence Sleep Disturbance and the Mediating Effects of Depression on Sleep Disturbance in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
  SiWon Lee, HyunSoo Oh, SooHyun Kim, Won Park, SeongRyul Kwon, Mie Jin Lim, Kyong-Hee Jung, WhaSook Seo
  Orthopaedic Nursing.2022; 41(5): 335.     CrossRef
• Effects of the teach-back method among cancer patients: a systematic review of the literature
  Seonhwa Choi, Jahyun Choi
  Supportive Care in Cancer.2021; 29(12): 7259.     CrossRef
• Impact of Posttraumatic Growth and Health Promoting Behavior on Quality of Life in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer
  Mi-Ae Kim, Hyun-Ju Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2021; 28(1): 32.     CrossRef
• The Development and Evaluation of a Health Literacy-Adapted Self-Management Intervention for Elderly Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
  Yoon Sun Kim, Young Sook Tae, Kwuy-Im Jung
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(4): 472.     CrossRef
• Predictors of Quality of Life and Social Support as a Mediator between Defecation Function and Quality of Life among Rectal Cancer Patients
  Jung Rang Kim, Seon Young Hwang
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(5): 487.     CrossRef
• Symptom Distress and Depression in Patients with Recurrent Gynecologic Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy: Mediating Effect of Resilience
  Eun Jung Yang, Ho Sihn Ryu
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(1): 28.     CrossRef
• Oxaliplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathy, Symptoms, Distress and Quality of Life among Korean Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer
  Hye Jeong Jung, Soo jung Ahn, Yoo Ri Yang, Kyoung A Kim, Sang Joon Shin, Min Kyu Jung, Sang Hui Chu
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2019; 19(4): 204.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was to develop the patient-tailored education and counseling program (PTECP) for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to identify the effects of PTECP on awareness of risk factors, knowledge, self-efficacy, self-care behavior, and blood cholesterol profile (BCP).
METHODS
A non-equivalent control group pre-post design was used. Sixty patients who were newly diagnosed with CAD and treated PCI were recruited and participated either in an intervention group or a control group, thirty each. The PTECP focused on managing their own risk factors consisted of two individual educations, two individual counselings, three telephone counselings, and two short message services for eight weeks. Data were collected two times at baseline and 8 weeks after beginning of the program.
RESULTS
After eight weeks, the patients' awareness of risk factor (p < .001), knowledge (p=.015), self-efficacy (p < .001), and self-care behavior (p < .001) in the intervention group were significantly different from those of the control group. However, no difference in BCP was found between the groups.
CONCLUSION
The PTECP was effective in improving the patients' awareness of CAD risk factors, knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-care behavior. Successful PTECP might lead to better health outcome in patients with CAD through effective self-management.

Citations

• Effects of a spousal participation health promotion program for middle-aged and old men who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention based on Cox’s Interaction Model: A quasi-experimental study with nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test
  Kyung Shim Lee, Kyung Mi Sung
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2025; 27(2): 119.     CrossRef
• Influence of Illness Uncertainty on Health Behavior in Individuals with Coronary Artery Disease: A Path Analysis
  Hyesun Jeong, Yesul Lee, Jin Sup Park, Yoonju Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(2): 162.     CrossRef
• An Integrated Literature Review on Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
  Hong-A Lim, Yeoungsuk Song
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2024; 49(3): 205.     CrossRef
• An Education-Counseling Program for Young Prehypertensive Adults
  Eunhee Jo, Soon-jung Hwang, Eun- jin Jeong, Minsun Kim
  Clinical Nursing Research.2023; 32(2): 349.     CrossRef
• Prognostic implications for patients after myocardial infarction: an integrative literature review and in-depth interviews with patients and experts
  Seon Young Hwang, Sun Hwa Kim, In Ae Uhm, Jeong-Hun Shin, Young-Hyo Lim
  BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Influence of Knowledge of Coronary Artery Disease and Self-Efficacy on Health Behavior Compliance among Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
  A Ram Kil, Yong Soon Shin
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2022; 29(1): 57.     CrossRef
• Development and evaluation of the Coronary Artery Disease Empowerment Scale (CADES) in Korea
  Jiyoung Kim, Nayeon Shin, Kyungmi Lee
  Clinical Nursing Research.2021; 30(8): 1241.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of laughter therapy on depression and sleep among patients at two long-term care (LTC) hospitals.
METHODS
Forty-two residents from two LTC hospitals participated in this study. Twenty-one residents at one LTC hospital received the laugher therapy treatment and 21 at the other LTC hospital received no treatment as a comparison group. The laugher therapy protocol consisted of singing funny songs, laughing for diversion, stretching, playing with hands and dance routines, laughing exercises, healthy clapping, and laughing aloud. The participants engaged in the protocol 40 minutes twice a week (Monday/Thursday) for a total of eight sessions held in the patients' lounge.
RESULTS
Findings showed that depression and sleep improved in the treatment group compared to the comparison group (t=-7.12, p < .001; Z=-4.16, p < .001).
CONCLUSION
To improve depression and sleep among patients at LTC hospitals, offering laughter therapy strengthening physical activities might be beneficial to patients.

Citations

• Impact of Laughter Yoga on Test Anxiety and Education Stress of 8th Grade Students: An Experimental Study
  Bilge Kalanlar, Nilgün Kuru Alıcı
  Creative Nursing.2024; 30(4): 280.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Laughter Therapy, Music Listening and Diary Keeping Given to Pregnant Women on Mental Health and Maternal Attachment Levels in Postpartum Period
  Sibel Kıyak, Deniz Koçoğlu-tanyer
  Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer.2024; 14(3): 425.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of yoga and laughter yoga in improving psychological resilience of mothers with babies hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit
  Zerrin Çiğdem, Emine Sarikamiş Kale, Tuba Koç Özkan
  Journal of Health Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Effect of Laughter Therapy/Yoga on Physical and Mental Health: A Review of Nursing Graduate Theses
  Özkan UĞUZ
  Kastamonu Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi.2023; 2(3): 148.     CrossRef
• Effect of Laughter Yoga on Sleep and Quality of Life in Individuals With Fecal Ostomies
  Deniz Harputlu, Fatma Özlem Öztürk, Durucan Aydın, Cihangir Akyol, Ayfer Tezel
  Journal of Wound, Ostomy & Continence Nursing.2023; 50(4): 307.     CrossRef
• The influence of laughter yoga on pregnancy symptoms, mental well-being, and prenatal attachment: A randomized controlled study
  Safiye Ağapınar Şahin, Mine Bekar
  Health Care for Women International.2023; 44(6): 782.     CrossRef
• Ebelik Uygulamalarına Tamamlayıcı Bir Yaklaşım: Duygu Dilinin Evrensel İfadesi, Kahkaha Yogası
  Safiye AĞAPINAR ŞAHİN, Mine BEKAR
  Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi.2022; 12(1): 49.     CrossRef
• Non-pharmacological Approaches to Depressed Elderly With No or Mild Cognitive Impairment in Long-Term Care Facilities. A Systematic Review of the Literature
  Carla Gramaglia, Eleonora Gattoni, Debora Marangon, Diego Concina, Elena Grossini, Carmela Rinaldi, Massimiliano Panella, Patrizia Zeppegno
  Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of laughter yoga on hemodialysis patients’ plasma-beta endorphin levels, pain levels and sleep quality: A randomized controlled trial
  Zülfünaz Özer, Sebahat Ateş
  Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice.2021; 43: 101382.     CrossRef
• GELENEKSEL VE TAMAMLAYICI TIP UYGULAMALARININ GÜLEN YÜZÜ: KAHKAHA YOGASI
  Zülfünaz ÖZER, Sebahat AKBAL ATEŞ
  Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A systematic review of the effect of laughter yoga on physical function and psychosocial outcomes in older adults
  Nilgün Kuru Alici, Ayse Arikan Dönmez
  Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice.2020; 41: 101252.     CrossRef
• Systematic Review of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index used for Measuring Sleep Quality among Adults with Trauma Experiences
  Go-Un Kim, Ju Hee Lee
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(4): 337.     CrossRef
• Systematic Review on the Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Activities of Daily Living in Cognitively Intact Older Adults
  Myoungjin Kwon, Sun-Ae Kim, Kawoun Seo
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(1): 1.     CrossRef
• EFFECT OF LAUGHTER THERAPY ON DEPRESSION LEVEL IN ELDERLY IN A NURSING HOME, NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA
  Rinco Siregar, Rumondang Gultom
  Belitung Nursing Journal.2019; 5(6): 246.     CrossRef
• Prescribing laughter to increase well-being in healthy adults: An exploratory mixed methods feasibility study of the Laughie
  Freda N. Gonot-Schoupinsky, Gulcan Garip
  European Journal of Integrative Medicine.2019; 26: 56.     CrossRef