PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to systematically review the effects of cognitive-based interventions on the cognitive function of older adults with mild cognitive impairment and conduct a meta-analysis to present basic data based on objective evidence. METHODS This study analyzed the effects on older adults' cognitive function based on 21 studies using randomized controlled trials of cognitive-based interventions from 2000 to 2017. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the cognitive-based interventions showed statistically significant effects on language, global cognitive function, executive function, memory, visuospatial ability, and attention. All of them showed a medium effect size. CONCLUSION A cognitive-based intervention for older adults with mild cognitive impairment needs to be systematically and continuously applied to improve cognitive function. Such interventions can delay and prevent the progress of dementia, which will help in reducing the socioeconomic burden associated with it. In the future, it is necessary to study further, the various variables involved in continuous cognitive training programs.
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PURPOSE This systematic review and meta-analysis provided scientific evidence for oral cryotherapy as a nursing intervention for the prevention of Oral Mucositis (OM) associated with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). METHODS The literature search was carried out in July and October 2017. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and KoreaMed electronic databases were searched using the MeSH keywords “mucositis†and “cryotherapy.†The Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the internal validity of the Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). The selected studies were included in the meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS Among seven RCTs with 264 patients, oral cryotherapy significantly decreased the incidence of OM (Relative Risk [RR]=0.46, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=0.31~0.66), including severe OM (grade 2~4: RR=0.33, 95% CI=0.21~0.52; grade 3~4: RR=0.34, 95% CI, 0.22~0.53), and also reduced the OM severity score (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD]=−0.92, 95% CI=−1.25~−0.58). In addition, the need of intravenous narcotics therapy (RR=0.19, 95% CI=0.07~0.51) and the total parenteral nutrition (RR=0.54, 95% CI=0.35~0.84) were reduced. These results were associated with a significantly reduced length of hospitalization (Weighted Mean Difference [WMD]=−1.22, 95% CI=−2.37~−0.07). CONCLUSION Oral cryotherapy is effective and well-tolerated nursing intervention to alleviate OM among patients receiving myeloablative therapy before HSCT. Nurses caring for patients treated with myeloablative therapy should place high priority to prevent OM based on this evidence.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the health literacy and self-care activities of elderly diabetes patients and identify the effects of mediation of resilience in the relationship between them. METHODS A structured self-report questionnaire measuring health literacy, resilience and self-care activities was completed by 145 elderly people aged 65 years or older, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Pusan National University hospital in Busan city, and who visited the outpatient clinic for endocrinology. Data collection was conducted from February 10, 2017 to March 31, 2017, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. RESULTS The subjects' health literacy and resilience (r=.19, p=.023), health literacy and self-care activities (r=.26, p=.001), resilience and self-care activities (r=.39, p < .001) were significantly correlated. Resilience completely mediated in the relationship between health literacy and self-care activities (z=2.37, p=.017). CONCLUSION Resilience plays a mediating role in the association among health literacy and self-care activities. It is necessary to develop a variety of intervention programs that can improve resilience in increasing self-care activities.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore in depth the essential structure and meaning of disease experience for the elderly living alone with Parkinson disease, and provide basic data and grounds for national and social support measures and nursing intervention development for them. METHODS In this study, van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology was applied, and data were collected from April to September 2015. Participants were 12 elderly people aged over 65 who live alone in Chungcheongnam-do and Daejeon Metropolitan City and have Parkinson disease. Data were collected until saturation through in-depth interviews and participant observations. RESULTS Through analysis of the experience of participants of this study, 7 essential themes and 18 investigated themes were derived in the 4 existing bodies of world of life that they experienced. “Can't accept the disease that came after a hard lifeâ€, “Catch the hopesâ€, “Feel painful body and soul because my body does not move at willâ€, “Want life and death without pain anymoreâ€, “Don't want to reveal my disease to othersâ€, “Look for something to rely on and to feel secureâ€, and “Want to return the helps that I received from others†were derived. CONCLUSION It is suggested that nursing providers must provide individualized nursing intervention, which the elderly living alone with Parkinson disease truly need, through deep sympathy for their disease experience.
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PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the impact of an empowerment program on the self-management, self-efficacy, and quality of life on patients in stages 2~4 of chronic kidney disease that exhibited poor self-management. METHODS This study utilized a quasi-experimental design and was carried out from March to September 2014. Participants were assigned conveniently to the experimental (n=26) and the control group (n=27). The empowerment program for the experimental group included two sessions of disease management education, four small group discussions, and four telephone counseling sessions over a three-month period. It was conducted in the context of a self-regulatory process and designed to promote self-management and problem-solving skills. The control group received usual care. The outcome variables were obtained using questionnaires before and after the intervention in both groups. The self-management score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group at the baseline, so it was set as covariate and analyzed by analysis of covariance. RESULTS There was a significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group in terms of their pre-to post-intervention changes in overall self-management (F=9.21, p=.004), self-efficacy (F=5.81, p=.020), and quality of life. CONCLUSION The present empowerment program was found to be appropriate for patients with poor self-management. It led to an improvement in the study outcomes in the short-term. The empowerment of patients with renal insufficiency should be considered to prevent the aggravation of their health-related problems and quality of life.
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PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the relationships between uncertainty in illness, subjective health status, and compliance with sick role behavior according to levels of health literacy in hemodialysis patients. METHODS Participants were 172 hemodialysis patients, selected from outpatient dialysis clinics at 9 dialysis centers located in Gwangju metropolitan city and Chonnam province, from October to December 2016. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires that included the Uncertainty in Illness Scale, Subjective Health Status Scale, Sick Role Behavior Scale, and Health Literacy Scale. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program, with χ2-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate analysis of covariance. RESULTS The results revealed that uncertainty was negatively correlated with subjective health status (r=−.30, p < .001) and compliance with sick role behavior (r=−.20, p=.012). In addition, compliance with sick role behavior was positively correlated with health literacy (r=.17, p=.034) and subjective health status (r=.24, p=.003). Participants' levels of health literacy differed significantly based on sick role behaviors (F=5.355, p=.006), with a partial eta squared of .070, indicating high explanatory power. CONCLUSION This study suggests that hemodialysis patients do not understand health - related medical information appropriately in their daily life. Therefore, efforts should be made to identify the level of health literacy of hemodialysis patients and improve the performance of sick role behaviors.
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