PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18 (HVAS-18) for clinical nurses.
METHODS
The HVAS-18 was developed and validated in 3 steps: Item generation through literature reviews and in-depth interviews, pilot study, and the validity and reliability tests using a test-retest technique. Forty-one items were initially extracted by 8 experts, and 18 items were finally developed by item and factor analysis. The final HVAS-18 was evaluated by 326 clinical nurses from seven general hospitals in three cities. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha.
RESULTS
Five discrete factors emerged, which explained 64.0% of the total variance. Each five factor was labeled: Factor 1 (6 items) 'awareness'explained 18.2%; Factor 2 (4 items) 'response' explained 12.9%; Factor 3 (4 items) 'reaction' explained 12.9%; Factor 4 (2 items) 'result-nursing' explained 10.2%; and Factor 5 (2 items) 'result-violence offender' explained 9.6%. The internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha, was .87, and reliability of the sub-scales ranged from .72 to .83.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that HVAS-18 can be an useful, reliable, and valid instrument for measuring hospital violence attitude of clinical nurses.

Citations

• Convergent approach of phenomenological methodology about Emergency Nurses' experience of hospital violence
  Young-Hee Jeong
  Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2015; 6(5): 63.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This correlation study was designed to examine the relationships among reported violence experience, hardiness, and job satisfaction of nurses in an emergency department and to identify the factors that predict their job satisfaction.
METHODS
The study was conducted using a convenience sample of one hundred and fifteen nurses from nine hospitals. Data were collected using structured questionnaires including Assault Response Questionnaire (Jung, 2008), Dispositional Resilience Scale-15 (Bartone, 1995) and job satisfaction Questionnaire (Yun, 2004). Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression.
RESULTS
Hardiness and job satisfaction were statistically significant positive correlation (r=.44, p<.001). Further, there was a negative correlation between response to violence experiences and job satisfaction (r=-.33, p<.001) and between hardiness and response to violence experiences (r=-.41, p<.001). Emotional response and physiological responses of violence experience and hardiness were significant predictors of job satisfaction, and explained 29.6% of the total variance.
CONCLUSION
Previous experiences with violence were an important factor which contribute to lower job satisfaction as reported by emergency department nurses. However it was also noted that hardiness was an important factor that could be used to improve job satisfaction of emergency department nurses.