• KSAN
  • Contact us
  • E-Submission

Korean J Adult Nurs : Korean Journal of Adult Nursing

OPEN ACCESS
mobile search button mobile menu button
Search
Advanced Search
ABOUT
BROWSE ARTICLES
EDITORIAL POLICY
FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Articles

Page Path

Original Article

Development and Validation of the Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18 (HVAS-18) for Clinical Nurses

Eun Ho Ha, Jin Young Cho, Jin Mi Kim
Korean J Adult Nurs 2015;27(1):39-51. Published online: February 28, 2015
1Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
2College of Nursing, Hyejeon University, Hongseong, Korea. cjy1205@hj.ac.kr
3Department of Statistics, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
  • 22 Views
  • 1 Download
  • 1 Crossref
  • 0 Scopus
prev next

Full Article

Download PDF Download PDF

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18 (HVAS-18) for clinical nurses.
METHODS
The HVAS-18 was developed and validated in 3 steps: Item generation through literature reviews and in-depth interviews, pilot study, and the validity and reliability tests using a test-retest technique. Forty-one items were initially extracted by 8 experts, and 18 items were finally developed by item and factor analysis. The final HVAS-18 was evaluated by 326 clinical nurses from seven general hospitals in three cities. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha.
RESULTS
Five discrete factors emerged, which explained 64.0% of the total variance. Each five factor was labeled: Factor 1 (6 items) 'awareness'explained 18.2%; Factor 2 (4 items) 'response' explained 12.9%; Factor 3 (4 items) 'reaction' explained 12.9%; Factor 4 (2 items) 'result-nursing' explained 10.2%; and Factor 5 (2 items) 'result-violence offender' explained 9.6%. The internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha, was .87, and reliability of the sub-scales ranged from .72 to .83.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that HVAS-18 can be an useful, reliable, and valid instrument for measuring hospital violence attitude of clinical nurses.


Korean J Adult Nurs. 2015 Feb;27(1):39-51. Korean.
Published online Feb 28, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.1.39
© 2015 Korean Society of Adult Nursing
Original Article

Development and Validation of the Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18 (HVAS-18) for Clinical Nurses

Eun-Ho Ha,1 Jin-Young Cho,2 and Jin-Mi Kim3
    • 1Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
    • 2College of Nursing, Hyejeon University, Hongseong, Korea.
    • 3Department of Statistics, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
  • Corresponding author: Cho, Jin-Young. College of Nursing, Hyejeon University, 25 Daehak-gil, Hongseong-eup, Hongseong 350-702, Korea. Tel: +82-41-630-5270, Fax: +82-41-630-5296, Email: cjy1205@hj.ac.kr
Received October 25, 2014; Revised February 11, 2015; Accepted February 11, 2015.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18 (HVAS-18) for clinical nurses.

Methods

The HVAS-18 was developed and validated in 3 steps: Item generation through literature reviews and in-depth interviews, pilot study, and the validity and reliability tests using a test-retest technique. Forty-one items were initially extracted by 8 experts, and 18 items were finally developed by item and factor analysis. The final HVAS-18 was evaluated by 326 clinical nurses from seven general hospitals in three cities. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's α

Results

Five discrete factors emerged, which explained 64.0% of the total variance. Each five factor was labeled: Factor 1 (6 items) 'awareness'explained 18.2%; Factor 2 (4 items) 'response' explained 12.9%; Factor 3 (4 items) 'reaction' explained 12.9%; Factor 4 (2 items) 'result-nursing' explained 10.2%; and Factor 5 (2 items) 'result-violence offender' explained 9.6%. The internal consistency, Cronbach's α, was .87, and reliability of the sub-scales ranged from .72 to .83.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that HVAS-18 can be an useful, reliable, and valid instrument for measuring hospital violence attitude of clinical nurses.

Keywords
Hospitals; Violence; Attitude; Validation studies

Tables

Table 1
General Characteristics of the Participants (N=326)

Table 2
Item Analysis and Factor Analysis (N=326)

Table 3
Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18

Table 4
Convergent and Discriminant Validity (N=326)

Table 5
Correlations and Reliability (N=326)

References

    1. Ditmer DA. Safe environment for nurses and patients: halting horizontal violence. Journal of Nursing Regulation 2010;1(3):9–14.
    1. Kennedy M, Julie H. Nurses' experiences and understanding of workplace violence in a trauma and emergency department in South Africa. Health SA Gesondheid 2013;18(1):1–9. [doi: 10.4102/hsag.v18i1.663]
    1. Hahn S, Zeller A, Needham I, Kok G, Dassen T, Halfens RJG. Patient and visitor violence in general hospitals: a systematic review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior 2008;13(6):431–441. [doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2008.07.001]
    1. Jackson D, Wilkes L, Luck L. Cues that predict violence in the hospital setting: findings from an observational study. Collegian 2014;21(1):65–70.
    1. Soares MH, de Vargas D. The translation and cultural adaptation of the Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale - MAVAS - for nurses in Brazil. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P 2013;47(4):899–906. [doi: 10.1590/S0080-623420130000400018]
    1. Fornés J, Cardoso M, Castelló JM, Gili M. Psychological harassment in the nursing workplace: an observational study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 2011;25(3):185–194. [doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2010.08.008]
    1. Nelson R. Tackling violence against health-care workers. Lancet 2014;383(9926):1373–1374. [doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60658-9]
    1. Chapman R, Styles I, Perry L, Combs S. Examining the characteristics of workplace violence in one non-tertiary hospital. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2010;19(3-4):479–488. [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02952.x]
    1. Hutchinson M, Wilkes L, Jackson D, Vickers MH. Integrating individual, work group and organizational factors: testing a multidimensional model of bullying in the nursing workplace. Journal of Nursing Management 2010;18(2):173–181. [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2009.01035.x]
    1. Kvas A, Seljak J. Unreported workplace violence in nursing. International Nursing Review 2014;61(3):344–351. [doi: 10.1111/inr.12106]
    1. Ha E, Cho JY. Coping styles toward hospital violence in clinical nurses: an application of Q methodology. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2013;25(3):263–274. [doi: 10.7475/kjan.2013.25.3.263]
    1. Beck CT. Secondary traumatic stress in nurses: a systematic review. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 2011;25(1):1–10. [doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2010.05.005]
    1. Camerino D, Estryn-Behar M, Conway PM, van Der Heijden BI, Hasselhorn HM. Work-related factors and violence among nursing staff in the European NEXT study: a longitudinal cohort study. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2008;45(1):35–50. [doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2007.01.013]
    1. Sawatzky JA, Enns CL. Exploring the key predictors of retention in emergency nurses. Journal of Nursing Management 2012;20(5):696–707. [doi: 10.1111/j.13652834.2012.01355.x]
    1. Chen KP, Ku YC, Yang HF. Violence in the nursing workplace-a descriptive correlational study in a public hospital. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2013;22:798–805. [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04251.x]
    1. Roche M, Diers D, Duffield C, Catling-Paull C. Violence toward nurses, the work environment, and patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 2010;42(1):13–22. [doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2009.01321.x]
    1. Yao Y, Wang W, Wang F, Yao W. General self-efficacy and the effect of hospital workplace violence on doctors' stress and job satisfaction in China. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 2014;27(3):389–399. [doi: 10.2478/s13382-014-0255-y]
    1. Whelan T. The escalating trend of violence toward nurses. Journal of Emergency Nursing 2008;34(2):130–133. [doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2007.05.018]
    1. Cross RM. Exploring attitudes: the case for Q methodology. Health education research 2005;20(2):206–213. [doi: 10.1093/her/cyg121]
    1. Bardis PD. Violence: theory and quantification. Journal of Political and Military Sociology 1973;1:121–146.
    1. Duxbury J. Testing a new tool: the management of aggression and violence attitude scale. Nurse Researcher 2003;10(4):39–52. [doi: 10.7748/nr2003.07.10.4.39.c5906]
    1. Velicer WF, Huckel LH, Hansen CE. A measurement model for measuring attitudes toward violence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1989;15(3):349–364. [doi: 10.1177/0146167289153006]
    1. Anderson CA, Benjamin AJ, Wood PK, Bonacci AM. Development and testing of the velicer attitudes toward violence scale: evidence for a four-factor model. Aggressive Behavior 2006;32(2):122–136. [doi: 10.1002/ab.20112]
    1. Nam KD, Yoon KS, Chung HS, Park SA, Jang BY, Kim HR, et al. A study on the development of verbal abuse scale for operating room nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration 2005;11(2):159–172.
    1. Nunnally JC. In: Psychometric theory. 2nd ed. New York: Mc-Graw Hill; 1978.
    1. Weiss DJ, Dawis RV, England GW, Lofquist LH. Manual for the minnesota satisfaction questionnaire. Minnesota Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation 1967;122:1–120.
    1. Cho JY, Lee YW, Kim HS, Kim SH. Relationships among response for violence experience, hardiness, and job satisfaction of nurses working in emergency department. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2011;23(5):494–502.
    1. Jang KH. In: A study on structural modeling of organizational citizenship behaviors for nurses. [dissertation]. Seoul: Kyung Hee University; 2010.
    1. Ware JE, Snow KK, Kosinski M, Gandek B. In: SF-36 health survey: manual and institute. Boston, MA: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center; 1993.

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Development and Validation of the Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18 (HVAS-18) for Clinical Nurses
Korean J Adult Nurs. 2015;27(1):39-51.   Published online February 28, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.1.39
Download Citation
Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
  • RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
  • BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software
Include:
  • Citation for the content below
Development and Validation of the Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18 (HVAS-18) for Clinical Nurses
Korean J Adult Nurs. 2015;27(1):39-51.   Published online February 28, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.1.39
Close
Korean J Adult Nurs : Korean Journal of Adult Nursing

ABOUT

BROWSE ARTICLES 

EDITORIAL POLICY

FOR CONTRIBUTORS  

© Korean Society of Adult Nursing.
TOP