Purpose
The study aimed to develop a Healthcare Empowerment Program for patients with Temporary Ileostomy (HCEP-TI) and evaluate its effectiveness.
Methods
The HCEP-TI was developed based on Johnson’s model of healthcare empowerment by reviewing relevant literature, identifying patients’ needs through in-depth interviews, and testing content validity. The study was conducted at K University D hospital from June 2019 to September 2020 using a randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest design. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (n=15), which participated in HCEP-TI once a week for seven weeks, and control (n=15), which participated in conventional ileostomy care. Data were analyzed using linear by linear association, MannWhitney U, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.
Results
There were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in healthcare empowerment, self-management knowledge and behavior, and degree of peristomal skin damage. However, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding dehydration.
Conclusion
The HCEP-TI including engaged, informed, collaborative, committed, and tolerant of uncertainty intervention is effective in improving healthcare empowerment, self-management knowledge and behavior, and the degree of peristomal skin damage. This program can help patients with temporary ileostomy improve their empowerment, self-management, and stoma conditions.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18 (HVAS-18) for clinical nurses.
METHODS
The HVAS-18 was developed and validated in 3 steps: Item generation through literature reviews and in-depth interviews, pilot study, and the validity and reliability tests using a test-retest technique. Forty-one items were initially extracted by 8 experts, and 18 items were finally developed by item and factor analysis. The final HVAS-18 was evaluated by 326 clinical nurses from seven general hospitals in three cities. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha.
RESULTS
Five discrete factors emerged, which explained 64.0% of the total variance. Each five factor was labeled: Factor 1 (6 items) 'awareness'explained 18.2%; Factor 2 (4 items) 'response' explained 12.9%; Factor 3 (4 items) 'reaction' explained 12.9%; Factor 4 (2 items) 'result-nursing' explained 10.2%; and Factor 5 (2 items) 'result-violence offender' explained 9.6%. The internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha, was .87, and reliability of the sub-scales ranged from .72 to .83.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that HVAS-18 can be an useful, reliable, and valid instrument for measuring hospital violence attitude of clinical nurses.

Citations

• Convergent approach of phenomenological methodology about Emergency Nurses' experience of hospital violence
  Young-Hee Jeong
  Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2015; 6(5): 63.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm for preventing and managing of pressure ulcer and to verify the its appropriateness. METHODS: The first step was development of a pre-algorithm through a literature review and expert opinion. The second step was to establish content validity by submitting the algorithm questionnaires about the content to 12 experts. The third step was the revision of the algorithm. The fourth and last step was to establish the clinical validity of the algorithm with 25 experienced nurses. RESULTS: For the ease of the practitioner the algorithm for prevention and the management of pressure ulcers was confined to one page depicting the main algorithm pathway and seven stepwise guidelines. The guidelines included skin care of pressure ulcer prevention, mechanical loading care, support surface care , reposition care of pressure ulcer, and Stages II, III and IV explanations along with debridement/wound irrigation and infection control. Most of all algorithm courses chosen more than 80% of agreement by expert index of content validity. The usefulness, appropriateness, and convenience of the algorithm were demonstrated through clinical validity with intensive care unit and ward nurses. CONCLUSION: The algorithm will improve the quality of pressure ulcer nursing care as it provides a model for decision making for clinical nurses as well as providing consistent and integrated nursing care for patients with pressure ulcer throughout an institution.