• KSAN
  • Contact us
  • E-Submission

Korean J Adult Nurs : Korean Journal of Adult Nursing

OPEN ACCESS
mobile search button mobile menu button
Search
Advanced Search
ABOUT
BROWSE ARTICLES
EDITORIAL POLICY
FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Articles

Page Path

Original Research

Effects of a Peer Cervical Cancer Prevention Education Program on Korean Female College Students' Knowledge, Attitude, Self-efficacy, and Intention

Hyun Suk Mo1, Keum Bong Choi1, Jin Sun Kim2
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2013;25(6):736-746.
Published online: December 18, 2013

1Chosun Nursing College, Gwangju

2Department of Nursing, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Jin Sun Department of Nursing, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea. Tel: +82-62-230-6327, Fax: +82-62-230-6329, E-mail: jinsun@chosun.ac.kr
• Received: July 3, 2013   • Accepted: December 19, 2013

© 2013 Korean Society of Adult Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  • 25 Views
  • 0 Download
prev

Full Article

Download PDF Download PDF
  • Purpose
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer cervical cancer prevention education program on Korean female college students’ knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and intention.
  • Methods
    A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent control group was used. The participants were 58 female college students in a metropolitan city in Korea. The sample consisted of an intervention group (n=28) that participated in a peer education program and a control group (n=30). Data were measured using self-administered questionnaires at two time points: prior to the intervention and after the intervention.
  • Results
    Compared to the control group, the experimental group reported significantly positive changes for knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and intent to practice cervical cancer prevention behaviors.
  • Conclusion
    The findings of this study indicated that a peer education program developed for Korean female college students was a useful and effective intervention strategy to promote cervical cancer prevention behaviors in Korean sociocultural contexts.
  • Key Words: Cervical cancer; Prevention; Health behavior; Peer group; Health education
Table 1.
Peer Education Program to Promote Cervical Cancer Preventive Behaviors
Session Topic Contents Activity/method
1 Introduction ․ Explain educational objectives ․ Pretest
․ Build rapport between the peer educators and participants ․ Ice-breaking
Growth and development ․ Raise issues of cervical cancer ․ Activity 1: 6 Questions
․ Changes of body and mind ․ Activity 2: Sexual slang
․ Protect our bodies: gynecological examinations ․ Activity 3: We are changing/discussion, group contest
Sexual rights and responsibilities ․ Sexual morals and values ․ Activity 4: Pros and cons
․ Respect different values in others
Condom use ․ How to use condoms ․ Activity 5: Condom bomb
․ The effects of alcohol on our bodies ․ Activity 6: Condom wrapping
․ Negotiation strategies for condom use at refusal ․ Activity 7: Role-playing/PPT, Q&A, discussion
․ Importance of standing by sexual decisions
Sexual culture ․ Keep yourself safe in sexual culture ․ Activity 8: Stop motion-play
HPV infection ․ HPV/STD ․ Activity 9: STD mission
․ HPV infection ․ PPT
Finish ․ Summary & evaluation ․ Quiz, Q & A
2 Introduction ․ Review ․ Ice-breaking, Q & A
․ Build rapport
Cervical cancer ․ Cervical cancer facts ․ Activity 10: Speed quiz
․ STD examination and treatment ․ Activity 11: Telling examples activity/PPT, video, discussion
․ Preventive behaviors for cervical cancer: condom use, pap tests, HPV vaccine
Safe/unsafe sexual behaviors ․ Strategies to decrease unsafe sexual behaviors ․ Activity 12: HPV/Infection of STD
Role of peers ․ Importance of preventive behaviors of cervical cancer ․ Activity 13: Keeping on story
․ Help and support each other to practice cervical cancer preventive behaviors ․ Activity 14: Our role
Finish ․ Summary & evaluation ․ Q & A
․ Post-test
Table 2.
Homogeneity Test for Characteristics between Groups (N=58)
Characteristics Categories Exp. (n=28) Cont. (n=30) x2 or t p
n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
Age (year)   19.3±0.66 19.3±0.66 -0.28 .785
Economic status ＜Middle school 3 (10.7) 10 (33.3) 4.80 .091
Middle school 22 (78.6) 16 (53.3)
≥Middle school 3 (10.7) 4 (13.3)
Smoking† Yes 2 (7.1) 3 (10.0)   .999
No 26 (92.9) 27 (90.0)
Alcohol† Yes 26 (92.9) 27 (90.0)   .999
No 2 (7.1) 3 (10.0)
Sexual experience† Yes 3 (3.6) 4 (13.3)   .999
No 25 (96.4) 26 (86.7)
Suggested HPV vaccination? Yes 17 (60.7) 14 (46.7) 1.15 .284
No 11 (39.3) 16 (53.3)
Educational need† Yes 27 (96.4) 27 (90.0)   .612
No 1 (3.6) 3 (10.0)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

†Fisher's exact probability test.

Table 3.
Homogeneity Test for Outcome Variables between Groups at Baseline (N=58)
Variables Exp. (n=28) Cont. (n=30) t p
M±SD M±SD
Knowledge 12.25±5.18 12.30±5.73 -0.04 .972
Attitude 55.07±7.38 53.76±7.16 0.68 .497
Self-efficacy 26.46±4.20 26.80±4.78 -0.28 .778
Intent to practice prevention behaviors 218.92±44.83 216.00±46.65 0.24 .809

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Table 4.
Effects of a Peer Education Program (N=58)
Variables Groups Pretest Posttest MD of post-pre t p
M±SD M±SD M±SD
Knowledge Exp. 12.25±5.18 19.79±14.33 7.54±4.89 4.32 ＜.001
Cont. 12.30±5.74 14.33±4.21 2.03±4.81
Attitude Exp. 55.07±7.38 62.71±5.37 7.64±7.29 4.01 ＜.001
Cont. 53.76±7.16 52.57±7.38 -1.20±9.42
Susceptibility Exp. 2.80±0.90 3.99±0.81 1.19±0.80 5.26 ＜.001
Cont. 2.60±0.75 2.73±0.85 0.13±0.72
Severity Exp. 3.86±0.65 4.59±0.50 0.73±0.64 3.11 .003
Cont. 3.64±0.72 3.63±0.76 -0.01±1.10
Benefit Exp. 3.20±0.66 4.64±0.59 1.44±0.85 7.68 ＜.011
Cont. 3.32±0.72 3.18±0.47 -0.14±0.72
Barrier Exp. 3.42±0.76 2.82±0.71 -0.60±0.96 -2.27 .027
Cont. 3.52±0.81 3.43±0.67 -0.09±0.74
Cues to action Exp. 3.65±0.83 3.95±0.70 0.30±0.98 1.72 .090
Cont. 3.40±0.74 3.24±0.74 -0.16±1.12
Self-efficacy Exp. 26.46±4.20 34.65±4.12 8.19±4.21 7.24 ＜.001
Cont. 26.80±4.78 25.70±4.65 -1.10±5.42
Intention Exp. 218.93±44.80 277.32±20.48 58.39±40.34 7.06 ＜.001
Cont. 216.00±46.65 210.33±51.09 -5.66±27.00
Condom use Exp. 93.21±12.78 99.29±3.78 6.07±11.97 3.67 .001
Cont. 92.00±12.14 88.67±13.32 -3.33±7.11
Pap test Exp. 59.28±20.17 85.72±12.60 26.43±16.82 5.89 ＜.001
Cont. 62.33±20.28 60.67±24.77 -1.67±19.31
HPV vaccine Exp. 66.42±23.12 92.32±11.18 25.90±22.90 5.60 ＜.001
Cont. 61.66±24.64 61.00±25.78 -0.66±12.01

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; MD of post-pre=mean difference of posttest-pretest.

  • Albarracin D., Johnson B. T., Fishbein M., Muellerleile P. A.. 2001;Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. 127:142-161.
  • Al-Naggar R. A., Low W. Y., Isa Z. M.. 2010;Knowledge and barriers towards cervical cancer screening among young women in Malaysia. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 11:867-873.
  • American Cancer Society. 2012;New screening guidelines for cervical cancer Retrieved from.http://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/new-screening-guidelines-for-cervical-cancer.
  • Brewer N. T., Fazekas K. I.. 2007;Predictors of HPV vaccine acceptability: A theory-informed, systematic review. Preventive Medicine. 45(2-3):107-114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.05.013.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013;Sexually transmitted diseases: Genital HPV infection-Fact sheet Retrieved from.http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/whatishpv.html.
  • Chapman E., Venkat P., Ko E., Orezzoli J. P., Carmen M. D., Garner E. I. O.. 2010;Use of multimedia as an educational tool to improve human papillomavirus vaccine acceptability: A pilot study. Gynecologic Oncology. 118(2):103-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.04.010.
  • Davey-Rothwell M. A., Tobin K., Yang C., Sun C. J., Latkin C. A.. 2011;Results of a randomized controlled trial of a peer mentor HIV/STI prevention intervention for women over an 18 month follow-up. AIDS and Behavior. 15(8):1654-1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-011-9943-9.
  • Ferrara M., Langiano E., De Vito E.. 2012;A school based community randomized trial of the effect of peer health education on primary prevention knowledge, attitude and behaviors towards HPV among adolescents. Italian Journal of Public Health. 9(1):20-32.
  • French S. E., Holland K. J.. 2013;Condom negotiation strategies as a mediator of the relationship between self-efficacy and condom use. Journal of Sex Research. 50(1):48-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2011.626907.
  • Han K. H.. 2011;The impact of health belief components on the effectiveness of women's cancer prevention campaigns: A cross-national examination towards Korean and Japanese women. Korean Journal of Advertizing and Public Relations. 13(2):377-412.
  • Head S. K., Crosby R. A., Moore G. R.. 2009;Pap smear knowledge among young women following the introduction of the HPV vaccine. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 22(4):251-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2008.10.005.
  • Hsu Y. Y., Fetzer S. J., Hsu K. F., Chang Y. Y., Haung C. P., Chou C. Y.. 2009;Intention to obtain human papillomavirus vaccination among Taiwanese undergraduate women. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 36(11):686-692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181ad28d3.
  • Kang H. S., Moneyham L.. 2010;Attitudes toward and intention to receive the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination and intention to use condoms among female Korean college students. Vaccine. 28(3):811-816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.052.
  • Kang H. Y., Kim J. S.. 2011;Knowledge, attitudes of human papillomavirus vaccine, and intention to obtain vaccine among Korean female undergraduate students. Women & Health. 51(8):759-776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2011.627091.
  • Kaponda C. P. N., Norr K. F., Crittenden K. S., Norr J. L., Mccreary L. L., Kachinwe S. I.. 2011;Outcomes of an HIV prevention peer group intervention for rural adults in Malawi. Health Education & Behavior. 38(2):159-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198110378588.
  • Kim C. J., Park T. C., Park J. S.. 2010;Efficacy of human papillomavirus vaccines including cross protection: A review of recent evidence. Korean Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 53(2):103-118.
  • Kim C. R., Free C.. 2008;Recent evaluation of the peer-led approach in adolescent sexual health education: A systematic review. International Family Planning Perspectives. 34(2):89-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/4014408.
  • Kim H. W.. 2009;Effects of prevention education of human papillomavirus linked to cervix cancer for unmarried female university students. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing. 39(4):490-498. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.4.490.
  • Kim H. W., Ahn H. Y.. 2007;Study on the knowledge of human papillomavirus in female university students. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. 13:13-20.
  • Kim J. H., Park M. K.. 2009;Study on the knowledge of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus and preventive behavior intention of female university students. Journal of Korean Academic Socity of Nursing Education. 115:225-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.5977/JKASNE.2009.15.2.225.
  • Korean Red Cross. 2007;An adolescent peer group sexual education Retrieved from.www.redcross.or.kr.
  • Kwan T. T., Chan K. K., Yip A. M. W., Tam K. F., Cheung A. N. Y., Young P. M., et al. 2008;Barriers and facilitators to human papillomavirus vaccination among Chinese adolescent girls in Hong Kong: A qualitative-quantitative study. Sexually Transmitted Infection. 84(3):227-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.2007.029363.
  • Lee E. G., Kim H. O.. 2011;Effects of HPV vaccination education on college women's knowledge, health beliefs, and intention. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing. 41(5):715-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.715.
  • Lee E. J., Park J. S.. 2011;Knowledge about cervical cancer, health beliefs and human papillomavirus vaccination rate in female university students. Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing. 11(1):65-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2012.09.003.
  • Lee H. K.. 2010;Predictors of condom use intention according to experience of sexual intercourse in male college students. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. 16(2):194-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2010.16.2.194.
  • Lopez R., McMahan S.. 2007;College women's perception and knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer. California Journal of Health Promotion. 5(3):12-25.
  • Maddux J., Bradley L., Boykin A.. 1995. Self-efficacy and health behavior: Prevention, promotion, and detection. In: Maddux J.. Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application. p. 173-202. New York: Plenum Press.
  • McKeever A.. 2008;Female college students' self-reported behavioral change after an educational intervention to reduce behaviors associated with cervical risk Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Villanova University, Pennsylvania..
  • Moore S. G., Dahl D. W., Gorn G. J., Weinberg C. B., Park J., Jiang Y.. 2008;Condom embarrassment: Coping and consequences for condom use in three countries. AIDS Care. 20(5):553-559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120701867214.
  • Oh J. K., Francesch S., Kim B. K., Kim J. Y., Ju Y. H., Hong E. K., et al. 2009;Prevalence of human papillomavirus and chlamydia trachomatis infection among women attending cervical cancer screening in Republic of Korea. European Journal of Cancer Prevention. 18(1):56-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CEJ.0b013e328305a0a6.
  • Pitts M. K., Smith A., Croy S., Lyons A., Ryall R., Garland S., et al. 2009;Singaporean women's knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and attitudes toward HPV vaccination. Women & Health. 49(4):334-351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03630240903158420.
  • Read D. S., Joseph M. A., Polishchuk V., Suss A. L.. 2010;Attitudes and perceptions of the HPV vaccine in Caribbean and African-American adolescent girls and their parents. Journal of Adolescnet Gynecology. 23:242-245.
  • Rhee J. E., Shin J. E., Kim M. Y., Kim C. M., Chung J. K., Min S. K., et al. 2010;Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and genotype distribution among high-risk Korean women for prospecting the strategy of vaccine development. Journal of Virology. 7(1):201-204.
  • Rosenstock I. M., Strecher V. J., Becker M. H.. 1988;Social learning theory and the health belief model. Health Education Quarterly. 15(2):175-183.
  • Rosenstock I. M., Strecher V. J., Becker M. H.. 1994. The health belief model and HIV risk behavior change. In: Diclemente R. J., Peterson J. L., editors. Preventing AIDS: Theories of methods of behavioral interventions. p. 5-24. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Saha A., Chaudhury A. N., Bhowmik P., Chatterjee R.. 2010;Awareness of cervical cancer among female students of premier colleges in Kolkata, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 11:1085-1090.
  • Sarkar N. N.. 2008;Barriers to condom use. European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care. 13(2):114-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13625180802011302.
  • Shepherd J. P., Frampton G. K., Harris P.. 2011;Interventions for encouraging sexual behaviours intended to prevent cervical cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , 4. Art. No.: CD001035..http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001035.pub2.
  • Sriranganathan G., Jaworsky D., Larkin J., Flicker S., Campbell L., Flynn S., et al. 2010;Peer sexual health education: Interventions for effective programme evaluation. Health Education Journal. 71(1):62-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896910386266.
  • Statistics Korea. 2012;Annual Report on the Cause of Death Statistics Retrieved from.http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/2/6/2/index.board.
  • Waller J., Bartoszek M., Marlow L., Wardle J.. 2009;Barriers to cervical cancer screening attendance in England: A population-based survey. Journal of Medical Screening. 16(4):199-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jms.2009.009073.
  • Wong L. P.. 2008;Young multiethnic women's attitudes toward the HPV vaccine and HPV vaccination. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 103(2):131-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.07.005.
  • Xiao Z.. 2012;Correlates of condom use among Chinese college students in Hunan province. AIDS Education and Prevention. 24:469-482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2012.24.5.469.

Figure & Data

References

    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  

      Download Citation

      Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

      Format:

      Include:

      Effects of a Peer Cervical Cancer Prevention Education Program on Korean Female College Students' Knowledge, Attitude, Self-efficacy, and Intention
      Korean J Adult Nurs. 2013;25(6):736-746.   Published online December 31, 2013
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2013.25.6.736
      Download Citation
      Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
      Format:
      • RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
      • BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software
      Include:
      • Citation for the content below
      Effects of a Peer Cervical Cancer Prevention Education Program on Korean Female College Students' Knowledge, Attitude, Self-efficacy, and Intention
      Korean J Adult Nurs. 2013;25(6):736-746.   Published online December 31, 2013
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2013.25.6.736
      Close
      Effects of a Peer Cervical Cancer Prevention Education Program on Korean Female College Students' Knowledge, Attitude, Self-efficacy, and Intention
      Effects of a Peer Cervical Cancer Prevention Education Program on Korean Female College Students' Knowledge, Attitude, Self-efficacy, and Intention

      Peer Education Program to Promote Cervical Cancer Preventive Behaviors

      Session Topic Contents Activity/method
      1 Introduction ․ Explain educational objectives ․ Pretest
      ․ Build rapport between the peer educators and participants ․ Ice-breaking
      Growth and development ․ Raise issues of cervical cancer ․ Activity 1: 6 Questions
      ․ Changes of body and mind ․ Activity 2: Sexual slang
      ․ Protect our bodies: gynecological examinations ․ Activity 3: We are changing/discussion, group contest
      Sexual rights and responsibilities ․ Sexual morals and values ․ Activity 4: Pros and cons
      ․ Respect different values in others
      Condom use ․ How to use condoms ․ Activity 5: Condom bomb
      ․ The effects of alcohol on our bodies ․ Activity 6: Condom wrapping
      ․ Negotiation strategies for condom use at refusal ․ Activity 7: Role-playing/PPT, Q&A, discussion
      ․ Importance of standing by sexual decisions
      Sexual culture ․ Keep yourself safe in sexual culture ․ Activity 8: Stop motion-play
      HPV infection ․ HPV/STD ․ Activity 9: STD mission
      ․ HPV infection ․ PPT
      Finish ․ Summary & evaluation ․ Quiz, Q & A
      2 Introduction ․ Review ․ Ice-breaking, Q & A
      ․ Build rapport
      Cervical cancer ․ Cervical cancer facts ․ Activity 10: Speed quiz
      ․ STD examination and treatment ․ Activity 11: Telling examples activity/PPT, video, discussion
      ․ Preventive behaviors for cervical cancer: condom use, pap tests, HPV vaccine
      Safe/unsafe sexual behaviors ․ Strategies to decrease unsafe sexual behaviors ․ Activity 12: HPV/Infection of STD
      Role of peers ․ Importance of preventive behaviors of cervical cancer ․ Activity 13: Keeping on story
      ․ Help and support each other to practice cervical cancer preventive behaviors ․ Activity 14: Our role
      Finish ․ Summary & evaluation ․ Q & A
      ․ Post-test

      Homogeneity Test for Characteristics between Groups (N=58)

      Characteristics Categories Exp. (n=28) Cont. (n=30) x2 or t p
      n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
      Age (year)   19.3±0.66 19.3±0.66 -0.28 .785
      Economic status ＜Middle school 3 (10.7) 10 (33.3) 4.80 .091
      Middle school 22 (78.6) 16 (53.3)
      ≥Middle school 3 (10.7) 4 (13.3)
      Smoking† Yes 2 (7.1) 3 (10.0)   .999
      No 26 (92.9) 27 (90.0)
      Alcohol† Yes 26 (92.9) 27 (90.0)   .999
      No 2 (7.1) 3 (10.0)
      Sexual experience† Yes 3 (3.6) 4 (13.3)   .999
      No 25 (96.4) 26 (86.7)
      Suggested HPV vaccination? Yes 17 (60.7) 14 (46.7) 1.15 .284
      No 11 (39.3) 16 (53.3)
      Educational need† Yes 27 (96.4) 27 (90.0)   .612
      No 1 (3.6) 3 (10.0)

      Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

      †Fisher's exact probability test.

      Homogeneity Test for Outcome Variables between Groups at Baseline (N=58)

      Variables Exp. (n=28) Cont. (n=30) t p
      M±SD M±SD
      Knowledge 12.25±5.18 12.30±5.73 -0.04 .972
      Attitude 55.07±7.38 53.76±7.16 0.68 .497
      Self-efficacy 26.46±4.20 26.80±4.78 -0.28 .778
      Intent to practice prevention behaviors 218.92±44.83 216.00±46.65 0.24 .809

      Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

      Effects of a Peer Education Program (N=58)

      Variables Groups Pretest Posttest MD of post-pre t p
      M±SD M±SD M±SD
      Knowledge Exp. 12.25±5.18 19.79±14.33 7.54±4.89 4.32 ＜.001
      Cont. 12.30±5.74 14.33±4.21 2.03±4.81
      Attitude Exp. 55.07±7.38 62.71±5.37 7.64±7.29 4.01 ＜.001
      Cont. 53.76±7.16 52.57±7.38 -1.20±9.42
      Susceptibility Exp. 2.80±0.90 3.99±0.81 1.19±0.80 5.26 ＜.001
      Cont. 2.60±0.75 2.73±0.85 0.13±0.72
      Severity Exp. 3.86±0.65 4.59±0.50 0.73±0.64 3.11 .003
      Cont. 3.64±0.72 3.63±0.76 -0.01±1.10
      Benefit Exp. 3.20±0.66 4.64±0.59 1.44±0.85 7.68 ＜.011
      Cont. 3.32±0.72 3.18±0.47 -0.14±0.72
      Barrier Exp. 3.42±0.76 2.82±0.71 -0.60±0.96 -2.27 .027
      Cont. 3.52±0.81 3.43±0.67 -0.09±0.74
      Cues to action Exp. 3.65±0.83 3.95±0.70 0.30±0.98 1.72 .090
      Cont. 3.40±0.74 3.24±0.74 -0.16±1.12
      Self-efficacy Exp. 26.46±4.20 34.65±4.12 8.19±4.21 7.24 ＜.001
      Cont. 26.80±4.78 25.70±4.65 -1.10±5.42
      Intention Exp. 218.93±44.80 277.32±20.48 58.39±40.34 7.06 ＜.001
      Cont. 216.00±46.65 210.33±51.09 -5.66±27.00
      Condom use Exp. 93.21±12.78 99.29±3.78 6.07±11.97 3.67 .001
      Cont. 92.00±12.14 88.67±13.32 -3.33±7.11
      Pap test Exp. 59.28±20.17 85.72±12.60 26.43±16.82 5.89 ＜.001
      Cont. 62.33±20.28 60.67±24.77 -1.67±19.31
      HPV vaccine Exp. 66.42±23.12 92.32±11.18 25.90±22.90 5.60 ＜.001
      Cont. 61.66±24.64 61.00±25.78 -0.66±12.01

      Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; MD of post-pre=mean difference of posttest-pretest.
      Table 1. Peer Education Program to Promote Cervical Cancer Preventive Behaviors

      Table 2. Homogeneity Test for Characteristics between Groups (N=58)

      Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

      Fisher's exact probability test.

      Table 3. Homogeneity Test for Outcome Variables between Groups at Baseline (N=58)

      Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

      Table 4. Effects of a Peer Education Program (N=58)

      Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; MD of post-pre=mean difference of posttest-pretest.

      Table 1.

      Table 2.

      Table 3.

      Table 4.

      Korean J Adult Nurs : Korean Journal of Adult Nursing

      ABOUT

      BROWSE ARTICLES 

      EDITORIAL POLICY

      FOR CONTRIBUTORS  

      © Korean Society of Adult Nursing.
      TOP