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Original Research

The Relationship of Gender Role Conflict and Job Satisfaction upon Organizational Commitment in Male Nurses

Kyoung Ju Lee1, Miyoung Kim2
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2014;26(1):46-57.
Published online: February 18, 2014

1The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul

2Division of Nursing Science, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Kim, Miyoung Division of Nursing Science, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3277-6694, Fax: +82-3277-2850, E-mail: mykim0808@ewha.ac.kr
• Received: July 19, 2013   • Accepted: February 15, 2014

© 2014 Korean Society of Adult Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    This study was to investigate the influence of male nurses’ gender role conflict and job satisfaction on their organizational commitment.
  • Methods
    Data were collected through a mixed method design using structured questionnaires (N=162) and a sequential qualitative interviews (N=8) from 2nd October, 2012 to 7th February, 2013. Data analysis included t-test, ANOVA, regression with SPSS/WIN 19.0 program and a qualitative thematic analysis.
  • Results
    Factors affecting participants’ organizational commitment were job satisfaction and marital status which accounted for 36.2% of the total variance. In particular, low job satisfaction was not correlated with low organizational commitment despite lower job satisfaction. Three main themes connoting meanings of ambivalence were extracted from the data: desiring for the better future in spite of the current difficulty, strengthening their masculinity in tandem with complementing femininity in the midst of gender role conflict, leading their organization at times, and enduring hard work with responsibility for raising their family as a head of household.
  • Conclusion
    The findings indicate that male nurses' adjustment to the organization is controlled by ambivalence. It is essential to understand sociocultural contexts of male nurses as a minority in nursing fields for further research.
  • Key Words: Gender role; Job satisfaction; Male nurses; Organization
Figure 1.
Mixed method design guided by a deductive core component (QUAN) and a sequential inductive supplemental component (qual).
kjan-26-46f1.jpg
Table 1.
Differences in Gender Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment according to General Characteristics (N=162)
Characteristics Categories n (%) Gender role conflict Job satisfaction Organizational commitment
M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé
Age (year) ＜30a b 82 (50.6) 116.7±23.4 1.24 3.0±0.4 1.58 3.1±0.5 4.57
30~34b 54 (33.3) 117.6±21.1 (.291) 3.0±0.4 (.209) 3.1±0.6 (.012)
≥35c 26 (16.0) 109.2±23.0   2.9±0.5   3.5±0.8 c＞a, b
Marital status Single 110 (67.9) 115.6±21.7 -0.20 3.1±0.4 2.79 3.0±0.6 -4.10
Married 52 (32.1) 116.3±24.7 (.845) 2.9±0.4 (.007) 3.4±0.1 (＜.001)
Educational background 3~year collegea b 81 (50.0) 111.9±22.8 2.56 3.0±0.5 1.29 3.1±0.6 3.19
Universityb 71 (43.8) 119.1±20.5 (.081) 3.0±0.4 (.277) 3.2±0.6 (.044)
Postgraduatec 10 (6.2) 123.9±30.7   2.8±0.4   3.5±0.7 c＞a
Previous major No 107 (66.0) 118.4±21.5 1.99 3.0±0.4 1.59 3.1±0.5 -0.76
Yes 55 (34.0) 110.7±24.1 (.048) 2.9±0.5 (.116) 3.2±0.7 (.451)
Type of hospital Advanced general hospital 103 (63.6) 116.2±23.6 1.16 3.0±0.4 1.99 3.2±0.5 2.88
General hospital 41 (25.3) 117.9±20.4 (.326) 3.1±0.4 (.118) 3.0±0.6 (.038)
Medium size hospital 16 (9.9) 111.4±20.7   3.1±0.5   3.1±0.9  
Type of department Nursing departmenta 132 (81.5) 115.4±22.6 1.39 3.0±0.4 3.92 3.1±0.6 1.46
Medical departmentb 12 (7.4) 123.9±20.0 (.264) 2.7±0.3 (.010) 3.5±0.6 (.230)
Deployed medical 13 (8.0) 117.5±23.9   3.0±0.4 a＞b 3.2±0.6  
department at timesc Othersd 5 (3.1) 98.5±23.7   2.7±0.5   3.4±0.8  
Working department General warda 22 (13.6) 119.8±22.7 1.32 3.3±0.4 5.89 3.0±0.6 2.76
Outpatient departmentb 20 (12.3) 123.0±18.4 (.259) 3.0±0.5 (＜.001) 3.1±0.8 (.020)
Operation & anesthesisc 46 (28.4) 113.7±23.1   3.0±0.4 a＞d, f 3.2±0.6  
Emergency departmentd e 24 (14.8) 111.6±23.9   2.9±0.3   3.1±0.5  
ICUe 35 (21.6) 118.3±22.6   3.0±0.4   3.1±0.6  
Othersf 15 (9.3) 106.0±22.9   2.60±0.3   3.6±0.6  
Position General RN 142 (87.7) 116.5±22.5 0.68 3.0±0.4 0.77 3.2±0.6 0.16
Above charge nurse 19 (11.7) 111.6±23.9 (.508) 2.9±0.5 (.444) 3.2±0.9 (.853)
Length of career experience (year) ＜1 36 (22.2) 116.1±26.6 0.08 3.0±0.5 0.26 2.0±0.7 2.94
1~＜4 47 (29.0) 115.6±21.6 (.972) 3.0±0.4 (.852) 3.1±0.6 (.035)
4~＜7 43 (26.5) 114.6±20.9   3.0±0.4   3.2±0.6  
≥7 36 (22.2) 117.2±22.1   3.0±0.4   3.4±0.5  
Type of shift Regular full-time 59 (36.4) 114.7±21.1 0.10 2.9±0.4 1.88 3.2±0.7 0.87
3 Shifts 98 (60.5) 116.5±23.2 (.905) 3.2±0.5 (.155) 3.1±0.6 (.422)
Others 5 (3.1) 115.6±32.8   3.0±0.4   3.0±0.8  
Monthly wage (ten thousand) ＜200a 23 (14.2) 106.3±20.0 1.71 3.1±0.4 4.01 3.0±0.5 4.95
200~250b 55 (34.0) 118.2±23.1 (.167) 3.1±0.4 (.009) 3.0±0.6 (.003)
251~300c 45 (27.8) 116.0±21.4   2.9±0.4 b＞c 3.3±0.5 c, d＞b
≥301d 39 (24.1) 118.3±24.2   2.9±0.5   3.3±0.6  
Table 2.
Scores for Gender Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment (N=162)
Variables Categories M±SD
Gender role conflict Conflicts in work-family 22.1±6.3
balance  
Success, power, competition 29.1±6.8
Strong responsibility for 13.6±3.2
raising family  
Suppression of emotional 21.3±7.0
display  
Suppression of affection to 10.2±4.4
males  
Male Chauvinism 18.7±6.5
Total 115.8±22.6
Job satisfaction Workload 3.5±0.6
Adminstration 3.3±0.6
Salary 3.2±0.9
Relationship between nurses 2.8±0.9
and doctors  
Autonomy 2.7±0.6
Professional status 2.7±0.9
Interaction 2.7±0.7
Total 3.0±0.4
Organizational commitment Affection 3.4±0.7
Continuance 3.1±0.9
Identification 3.0±0.7
Total 3.2±0.6
Table 3.
Correlations among Gender Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment (N=162)
Variables Gender role conflict Job satisfaction Organizational commitment
r (p) r (p) r (p)
Gender role conflict 1.000    
Job satisfaction .27 (.001) 1.000  
Organizational commitment -.13 (.117) -.59 (＜.001) 1.000
Table 4.
Factors Influencing on Participants's Organizational Commitment (N=162)
Variables Organizational commitment
B SE β t p Tolerance VIF
(Constant) 5.11 .35   14.45 ＜.001    
Job satisfaction -0.77 .10 -.52 -7.57 ＜.001 .96 1.05
Marital status† 0.27 .09 .21 3.00 .003 .96 1.05
R2=.60, Adj. R2=.36, F=39.65

Dummy variables of reference group.

†Married.

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    The Relationship of Gender Role Conflict and Job Satisfaction upon Organizational Commitment in Male Nurses
    Image
    Figure 1. Mixed method design guided by a deductive core component (QUAN) and a sequential inductive supplemental component (qual).

    Figure 1.

    The Relationship of Gender Role Conflict and Job Satisfaction upon Organizational Commitment in Male Nurses

    Differences in Gender Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment according to General Characteristics (N=162)

    Characteristics Categories n (%) Gender role conflict Job satisfaction Organizational commitment
    M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé M±SD t or F (p) Scheffé
    Age (year) ＜30a b 82 (50.6) 116.7±23.4 1.24 3.0±0.4 1.58 3.1±0.5 4.57
    30~34b 54 (33.3) 117.6±21.1 (.291) 3.0±0.4 (.209) 3.1±0.6 (.012)
    ≥35c 26 (16.0) 109.2±23.0   2.9±0.5   3.5±0.8 c＞a, b
    Marital status Single 110 (67.9) 115.6±21.7 -0.20 3.1±0.4 2.79 3.0±0.6 -4.10
    Married 52 (32.1) 116.3±24.7 (.845) 2.9±0.4 (.007) 3.4±0.1 (＜.001)
    Educational background 3~year collegea b 81 (50.0) 111.9±22.8 2.56 3.0±0.5 1.29 3.1±0.6 3.19
    Universityb 71 (43.8) 119.1±20.5 (.081) 3.0±0.4 (.277) 3.2±0.6 (.044)
    Postgraduatec 10 (6.2) 123.9±30.7   2.8±0.4   3.5±0.7 c＞a
    Previous major No 107 (66.0) 118.4±21.5 1.99 3.0±0.4 1.59 3.1±0.5 -0.76
    Yes 55 (34.0) 110.7±24.1 (.048) 2.9±0.5 (.116) 3.2±0.7 (.451)
    Type of hospital Advanced general hospital 103 (63.6) 116.2±23.6 1.16 3.0±0.4 1.99 3.2±0.5 2.88
    General hospital 41 (25.3) 117.9±20.4 (.326) 3.1±0.4 (.118) 3.0±0.6 (.038)
    Medium size hospital 16 (9.9) 111.4±20.7   3.1±0.5   3.1±0.9  
    Type of department Nursing departmenta 132 (81.5) 115.4±22.6 1.39 3.0±0.4 3.92 3.1±0.6 1.46
    Medical departmentb 12 (7.4) 123.9±20.0 (.264) 2.7±0.3 (.010) 3.5±0.6 (.230)
    Deployed medical 13 (8.0) 117.5±23.9   3.0±0.4 a＞b 3.2±0.6  
    department at timesc Othersd 5 (3.1) 98.5±23.7   2.7±0.5   3.4±0.8  
    Working department General warda 22 (13.6) 119.8±22.7 1.32 3.3±0.4 5.89 3.0±0.6 2.76
    Outpatient departmentb 20 (12.3) 123.0±18.4 (.259) 3.0±0.5 (＜.001) 3.1±0.8 (.020)
    Operation & anesthesisc 46 (28.4) 113.7±23.1   3.0±0.4 a＞d, f 3.2±0.6  
    Emergency departmentd e 24 (14.8) 111.6±23.9   2.9±0.3   3.1±0.5  
    ICUe 35 (21.6) 118.3±22.6   3.0±0.4   3.1±0.6  
    Othersf 15 (9.3) 106.0±22.9   2.60±0.3   3.6±0.6  
    Position General RN 142 (87.7) 116.5±22.5 0.68 3.0±0.4 0.77 3.2±0.6 0.16
    Above charge nurse 19 (11.7) 111.6±23.9 (.508) 2.9±0.5 (.444) 3.2±0.9 (.853)
    Length of career experience (year) ＜1 36 (22.2) 116.1±26.6 0.08 3.0±0.5 0.26 2.0±0.7 2.94
    1~＜4 47 (29.0) 115.6±21.6 (.972) 3.0±0.4 (.852) 3.1±0.6 (.035)
    4~＜7 43 (26.5) 114.6±20.9   3.0±0.4   3.2±0.6  
    ≥7 36 (22.2) 117.2±22.1   3.0±0.4   3.4±0.5  
    Type of shift Regular full-time 59 (36.4) 114.7±21.1 0.10 2.9±0.4 1.88 3.2±0.7 0.87
    3 Shifts 98 (60.5) 116.5±23.2 (.905) 3.2±0.5 (.155) 3.1±0.6 (.422)
    Others 5 (3.1) 115.6±32.8   3.0±0.4   3.0±0.8  
    Monthly wage (ten thousand) ＜200a 23 (14.2) 106.3±20.0 1.71 3.1±0.4 4.01 3.0±0.5 4.95
    200~250b 55 (34.0) 118.2±23.1 (.167) 3.1±0.4 (.009) 3.0±0.6 (.003)
    251~300c 45 (27.8) 116.0±21.4   2.9±0.4 b＞c 3.3±0.5 c, d＞b
    ≥301d 39 (24.1) 118.3±24.2   2.9±0.5   3.3±0.6  

    Scores for Gender Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment (N=162)

    Variables Categories M±SD
    Gender role conflict Conflicts in work-family 22.1±6.3
    balance  
    Success, power, competition 29.1±6.8
    Strong responsibility for 13.6±3.2
    raising family  
    Suppression of emotional 21.3±7.0
    display  
    Suppression of affection to 10.2±4.4
    males  
    Male Chauvinism 18.7±6.5
    Total 115.8±22.6
    Job satisfaction Workload 3.5±0.6
    Adminstration 3.3±0.6
    Salary 3.2±0.9
    Relationship between nurses 2.8±0.9
    and doctors  
    Autonomy 2.7±0.6
    Professional status 2.7±0.9
    Interaction 2.7±0.7
    Total 3.0±0.4
    Organizational commitment Affection 3.4±0.7
    Continuance 3.1±0.9
    Identification 3.0±0.7
    Total 3.2±0.6

    Correlations among Gender Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment (N=162)

    Variables Gender role conflict Job satisfaction Organizational commitment
    r (p) r (p) r (p)
    Gender role conflict 1.000    
    Job satisfaction .27 (.001) 1.000  
    Organizational commitment -.13 (.117) -.59 (＜.001) 1.000

    Factors Influencing on Participants's Organizational Commitment (N=162)

    Variables Organizational commitment
    B SE β t p Tolerance VIF
    (Constant) 5.11 .35   14.45 ＜.001    
    Job satisfaction -0.77 .10 -.52 -7.57 ＜.001 .96 1.05
    Marital status† 0.27 .09 .21 3.00 .003 .96 1.05
    R2=.60, Adj. R2=.36, F=39.65

    Dummy variables of reference group.

    †Married.
    Table 1. Differences in Gender Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment according to General Characteristics (N=162)

    Table 2. Scores for Gender Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment (N=162)

    Table 3. Correlations among Gender Role Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment (N=162)

    Table 4. Factors Influencing on Participants's Organizational Commitment (N=162)

    Dummy variables of reference group.

    Married.

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

    Table 3.

    Table 4.

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