The Risk of Dysphagia and Dysphagia-specific Quality of Life among Community Dwelling Older Adults in Senior Center

Min-Su Kim; Yeon-Hwan Park

doi:10.7475/kjan.2014.26.4.393

Articles

Page Path

Original Article

The Risk of Dysphagia and Dysphagia-specific Quality of Life among Community Dwelling Older Adults in Senior Center

Min-Su Kim¹, Yeon-Hwan Park²

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2014;26(4):393-402.
Published online: August 31, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.4.393

¹Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Seoul

²Collegeof Nursing The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Park, Yeon-Hwan College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea. Tel: +82-2-740-8846, Fax: +82-2-745-8017, E-mail: hanipyh@snu.ac.kr

• Received: February 25, 2014 • Accepted: July 6, 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

20 Views
0 Download
16 Crossref

prev next

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to describe the risk of dysphagia among older adults in senior centers and to find therelationshipsbetween the risk of dysphagia and dysphagia-specific qualityof life.
Methods
Theparti-cipantswere 260 community-dwellingolder adults, aged 65 years in two senior centers. Data werecollected by self-report questionnaires or face to face interviews. The instruments were the modified dysphagia risk assessment scale for elderly and dysphagia-specific quality of life questionnaire. The data were analyzed using t-test, x²-test, logistic regression, andpearson's correlation.
Results
162olderadults (62.3%) wereclassifiedashaving the risk of dysphagia. Severe dry mouth (OR=15.677, CI=2.986~82.297), neurologic disease (OR=10.125, CI= 1.092~93.899), gastritis (OR=5.731,CI=1.482~22.173), denture discomfort (OR=2.969, CI=1.016~8.677), teeth discomfort (OR=2.61, CI=1.311~5.196) were the significant factors predicting the risk of dysphagia. There is a significant correlationbetweenthe riskof dysphagia and dysphagia-specificquality of life.
Conclusion
Dysphagia could be a major health problem among community dwelling older adults. It can affect the dysphagia-specific quality of life. Older adults having severe dry mouth, neurologic disease, or gastritis should receive dysphagia risk assessment and proper management on a regular basis. An effective nursing intervention needs to be developed for the older adults with risk factors of dysphagia.
Key Words: Aged; Dysphagia; Quality of life

Table 1.

Differences to Dysphagia Risk by Process of Swallowing

Variables	Non-risk (n=98)	Risk (n=162)	t	p
Variables	M±SD(Range)	M±SD(Range)	t	p
Pharyngeal dysfunction	0.19±0.59 (0~3)	2.37±2.98 (0~17)	-9.006	.001 ＜
Deglutition dysfunction	0.49±0.93 (0~5)	2.85±2.48 (0~13)	-10.911	.001 ＜
Oral dysfunction	0.90±1.34 (0~5)	8.05±4.86 (0~20)	-17.646	.001 ＜
Esophageal dysfunction	0.27±0.71 (0~4)	2.08±2.38 (0~9)	-9.051	.001 ＜

Table 2.

Differences to Dysphagia Risk by Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Subjects

Characteristics	Categories	Non-risk(n=98)	Risk (n=162)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD (Range)	n (%) or M±SD (Range)	x² or t	p
Age (year)		75.21±6.10 (65~90)	76.12±6.31 (65~93)	-1.142	.255
Gender	Female	62 (63.3)	113 (69.8)	1.168	.172
Gender	Male	36 (36.7)	49 (30.2)	1.168	.172
Level of education	Elementary school ≤	38 (38.8)	87 (53.7)	7.928	.160
	Middle-High school	57 (48.0)	63 (38.9)
	College ≥	13 (13.2)	12 (7.4)
Living arrangement	Alone	33 (33.7)	86 (53.1)	14.913	.005
	Couple	26 (26.5)	44 (27.2)
	2 generations ≥	39 (39.8)	32 (19.7)
Number of family		2.42±1.58 (1~8)	1.77±1.12 (1~6)	3.582	.001 ＜
Monthly expense (10,000 won)		56.43±58.76 (0~300)	42.70±36.80 (0~200)	2.080	.390

Table 3.

Differences to Dysphagia Risk by General Health and Oral Health Related Characteristics

Variables	Characteristics	Categories	Non-risk (n=98)	Risk (n=162)	x² or t	p
Variables	Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD (Range)	n (%) or M±SD (Range)	x² or t	p
Health related characteristics	Number of chronic disease		1.40±1.13	1.78±1.25	-2.524	.012
	Type of chronic disease	Neurology disease	1 (1.0)	14 (8.6)	6.524	.007
		Heart disease	53 (54.1)	92 (56.8)	0.182	.383
		Diabetes mellitus	18 (18.4)	40 (24.7)	1.409	.151
		Gastritis	6 (6.1)	25 (15.4)	5.039	.018
		Depression or insomnia	3 (3.1)	15 (9.3)	3.640	.044
	Number of medication (a day)		2.27±2.23	3.08±3.42	-2.326	.021
	Body weight (kg)		58.82±9.53	56.26±9.09	2.141	.033
	Body weight (kg)		(40~90)	(30~83)
	Perceived dysphagia	Yes	5 (5.1)	33 (20.4)	11.407	.001 ＜
	Attitude toward dysphagia	No	93 (94.9)	129 (79.6)	0.448	.295
	Attitude toward dysphagia	Yes	57 (58.2)	101 (62.3)
Oral health related characteristics	Number of teeth	No	41 (41.8)	61 (37.7)
	Number of tooth brushing (a day)		2.27±1.20	2.04±1.21	1.484	.001 ＜
	Teeth discomfort	Yes	35 (35.7)	86 (53.1)	7.407	.005
	Teeth discomfort	No	63 (64.3)	76 (46.9)
	Denture user	Yes	37 (37.8)	84 (51.9)	4.877	.019
	Denture user	No	61 (62.2)	78 (48.1)
	Duration of denture usage (hour/a day)		6.41±9.31	9.51±10.04	-2.530	.012
	Duration of denture usage (hour/a day)		(0~24)	(0~24)
	Denture discomfort	Yes	11 (29.7)	46 (54.8)	11.303	.004
	Denture discomfort	No	26 (70.3)	38 (45.2)
	Dry mouth during the day	None	66 (67.3)	45 (27.8)	44.308	.001 ＜
		A little	28 (28.6)	73 (45.1)
		Severe	2 (2.0)	25 (15.4)
		Very severe	2 (2.0)	19 (11.7)

Table 4.

Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors which Influence Dysphagia Risk

Classification	Factor		OR	95% CI	p
Risk	Dry mouth during the day	Severe	15.677	2.986~82.297	.001
		Very severe	9.047	1.680~48.726	.010
		A little	4.147	2.075~8.286	.001 ＜
		None	1
	Neurology disease		10.125	1.092~93.899	.042
	Gastritis		5.731	1.482~22.173	.011
	Denture discomfort		2.969	1.016~8.677	.047
	Teeth discomfort		2.610	1.311~5.196	.006
Protective	Number of teeth		0.947	0.903~0.993	.024
		Predicted			Percentage correct (%)
		Yes	No	Total	Percentage correct (%)
Observed (dysphagia risk) -	Yes	61	37	98
	No	30	132	162	74.2
	Total	91	169	260
2LL=268.009, x²=76.511 (df=6, p .001), Nagelkerke R²=0.347.

Table 5.

Correlation Dysphagia risk with Dysphagia Specific Quality of Life for the Subjects

Variables	Dysphagia risk
Variables	r	p
Global dysphagia specific quality of life	-0.560	＜.001
Emotional dysphagia specific quality of life	-0.582	＜.001
Functional dysphagia specific quality of life	-0.575	＜.001
Physical dysphagia specific quality of life	-0.686	＜.001
Total sum	-0.687	＜.001

REFERENCES

Cabre M., Serra-Prat M., Palomera E., Almirall J., Pallares R., Calve P.. 2010;Prevalence and prognostic implications of dysphagia in elderly patients with pneumonia. Age and Ageing. 39(1):39–-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afp100.
Article
Chen A. Y., Frankowski R., Bishop-Leone J., Hebert T., Leyk S., Lewin J., et al. 2001;The development and validation of a dysphagia-specific qualityof lifequestionnaire for patients with head and neck cancer. Archives of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery. 127(7):870–-876.
Chen P. H., Golub J.S., Hapner E. R., Johns M. MⅢ.. 2009;Prevalence of perceived dysphagia and quality-of-life impairment in a geriatric population. Dysphagia. 24(1):1–-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-008-9156-1.
Article
PDF
Easterling C., Robbins E.. 2008;Dementia and dysphagia. Geriatric Nursing. 29(4):275–-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2007.10.015.
Eggenberger S. K., Nelms T.P.. 2004;Artificial hydration and nutrition in advanced alzheimner's disease: Facilitating family decision-making. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 13(6):661–-667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.00967.x.
Ekberg O., Hamdy S., Woisard V., Wuttge-Hanning A., Ortega P.. 2002;Social and psychological burden of dysphagia: Its impact on diagnosis and treatment. Dysphagia. 17(2):139–-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-001-0113-5.
Article
PDF
Engelen L., Fontifn-Tekamp A., Bilt A.. 2005;The influence of product and oral characteristics on swallowing. Archives of Oral Biology. 50(8):739–-746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2005.01.004.
Article
Fukada J., Kamakura Y., Manzai T., Kitaike T.. 2006;Development of dysphagia risk screening system for elderly persons. Japanese Society of Dysphagia Rehabilitation. 10(1):31–-42.
Ginocchio D., Borghi E., Schindler A.. 2009;Dysphagia assessment in the elderly. Dysphagia. 27(1):9–-15.
Holland G., Jayasekeran N., Pendleton M., Horan M., Jonens M., Hamdy S.. 2011;Prevalence and symptom profiling of oropharyngeal dysphagia in a community dwelling of an elderly population: A self-reporting questionnaire survey. Disease of the Esophagus. 24(7):476–-480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01182.x.
Article
Kawashima K., Motohashi Y., Fujishima I.. 2004;Prevalence of dysphagia among community-dwelling elderly individuals as estimated using a questionnaire for dysphagia screening. Dysphagia. 19(4):266–-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-004-0013-6.
Article
PDF
Lin L.C., Wu S.C., Chen H.S., Wang T.G., Chen M.Y.. 2002;Prevalence of impaired swallowing in institutionalized older people in Taiwan. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 50(6):1118–-1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50270.x.
Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation of Kemyung University. 2009, February;Senior Survey 2008 Retrieved August 1, 2013, from the Ministry of Health and Welfare Web site:.http://www.mw.go.kr/front_new/jb/sjb030301vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=03&MENU_ID=031604&CONT_SEQ=264469&page=1.
Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul, Institute for Health and Social Affairs. 2012, July;Senior Survey 2011 Retrieved August 1, 2013, from the Ministry of Health and Welfare Web site:.http://www.mw.go.kr/front_new/jb/sjb030301vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=03&MENU_ID=030502&CONT_SEQ=274151&page=1.
Miura H., Kariyasu M., Yamasaki K., Arai Y.. 2007;Evaluation of chewing and swallowing disorders among frail community-dwelling elderly individuals. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 34(6):422–-427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01741.x.
Article
Morris H.. 2006;Dysphagiain elderly: Amanagementchallenge for nurse. British Journal of Nursing. 15(10):558–-562.
Ney D., Weiss J., Kind A., Robbins J.. 2009;Senescentswal-lowing: Impact, strategies andinterventions. Nutritional Clinical Practice. 24(3):395–-413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0884533609332005.
Article
PDF
Plowman-Prine E. K., Sapienza C. M., Okun M. S., Pollock S. L., Jacobson C., Wu S. S., et al. 2009;The relationship between quality of life and swallowing in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders. 24(9):1352–-1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.22617.
Rofes L., Arreola V., Almirall J., Cabre M., Campins L., Carcia-Peris P., et al. 2011;Diagnosis and management of oropharyngeal dysphagia and its nutritional and respiratory complications in the elderly. Gastroenterology Research & Practice. 2011:1–-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/818979.
Article
PDF
Roy N., Stemple J., Merrill R., Thomas L.. 2007;Dysphagia in the elderly: Preliminary evidence of prevalence, risk factors, and socioemotional effects. Annals of Otology. Rhinology & Laryngology. 116(11):858–-865.
Sharp H.M.. 2006;Ethical issues inthemanagement of dysphagia after stroke. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. 13(4):18–-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/tsr1304-18.
Article
Sharp H. M., Bryant K. N.. 2003;Ethical issue in dysphagia: When patients refuse assessment or treatment. Seminars in Speech and Language. 24(4):285–-299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-815578.
Shepherd A.. 2010;Recognizing and treating dysphagia can help residents maintain theirdignity. Nursing &ResidentialCare. 12(10):491–-494. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2010.12.10.78406.
Article
Whang S. A.. 2010;Dysphagia risks, activities of daily living, and depression among community dwelling elders Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul..
Yun O. J., Lee Y.H.. 2012;The effect of singing intervention for women elderly with dysphagia risk. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 24(4):380–-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2012.24.4.380.
Article

Figure & Data

References

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Dysphagia and quality of life: a narrative review
Jung Mi Song
Annals of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.2024; 16(2): 43. CrossRef
Oral Health-Related Factors Associated with Dysphagia Risk among Older, Healthy, Community-Dwelling Korean Adults: A Pilot Study
Da-Som Lee, Hee-Eun Kim, Jun-Seon Choi
Healthcare.2024; 12(2): 267. CrossRef
Depression and Dysphagia-Specific Quality of Life in Patients Who Have Undergone Esophageal Cancer Surgery
Jun-An Jeong, Yeon-Hwan Park
Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society.2024; 14(1): 41. CrossRef
The Review of Interventions to Improve the Swallowing Function in the Elderly
Na-Yeon Tak, Hanna Gu, Hyoung-Joo Kim, Jun-Yeong Kwon, Hee-Jung Lim
Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2023; 23(2): 69. CrossRef
A qualitative research on the needs for oral care according to the subjective oral health status of the elderly

Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of dental hygienist knowledge of dysphagia and preventive attitudes on educational needs for oral health in the older adults

Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Chief Complaints of Swallowing Problems in Korean Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Han Kyeol Kim, Ja Young Kim, Soomin Kim, Ga-Young Kim, Nam-Bin Cho, Seok In Nam, Heecheon You, HyangHee Kim
Communication Sciences & Disorders.2021; 26(2): 463. CrossRef
Risk Factors of Dysphagia Among Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged Women
Young Hee Lee, Dukyoo Jung, Ok Jong Yun, Hyesoon Lee, Minkyung Lee
Gastroenterology Nursing.2020; 43(2): 164. CrossRef
The Effects of the Oral Care Program for Improving Swallowing Function of the Elderly Using Welfare Centers on Depression, Self Efficacy, Subjective Oral Health Status and Swallowing related Quality of Life
Gi Ran Lee, Doo Ree Kim, Hyo Nam Lim, Kyung Hee Kang
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2020; 31(2): 166. CrossRef
The Effects of Orofacial Myofunctional Training on the Changes of Lip and Tongue Strength in Elderly People
Seol-Hee Kim, Min-Ju Kim, Seung-Hyun Lee, Bo-Wha Choi, Yae-Jee Heo
Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2019; 19(4): 279. CrossRef
Importance and Performance of Nutrition Management for In-Patients with Dysphagia Perceived by Dietitians at Clinical Settings in Seoul and Gyeonggi Areas
Kyung-Eun Lee, Dasom Kim
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2019; 29(5): 421. CrossRef
Nutrition Care Management Practices for In-Patients with Dysphagia in Korean Clinical Settings
Dasom Kim, Kyung-Eun Lee
Clinical Nutrition Research.2019; 8(4): 272. CrossRef
Comparative Analysis of Cognitive and Physical Function according to Dysphagia of Aged Patients in Geriatric Hospitals
Jin Su Kim, Jeong Soo Kim
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2019; 21(3): 190. CrossRef
Socio-demographic factors and diet-related characteristics of community-dwelling elderly individuals with dysphagia risk in South Korea
Youngsuk Lim, Chorong Kim, Haeryun Park, Sooyoun Kwon, Oksun Kim, Heeyoung Kim, Youngmi Lee
Nutrition Research and Practice.2018; 12(5): 406. CrossRef
Content Validity of the Swallowing Monitoring and Assessment Protocol for the Elderly
HyangHee Kim, Ga-Young Kim, Hyun-Joung Lee
Communication Sciences & Disorders.2018; 23(4): 1042. CrossRef
Prevalence and influencing factors of dysphagia in elderly patients
Hyo-Jin Son, Yu-Mi Park, Sun-Young Yim, Yu-Ri Heo, Mee-Kyoung Son
Oral Biology Research.2018; 42(4): 208. CrossRef

Cite

CITE

export

Copy Download

Format
XML Download

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

The Risk of Dysphagia and Dysphagia-specific Quality of Life among Community Dwelling Older Adults in Senior Center

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(4):393-402. Published online August 31, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.4.393

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

The Risk of Dysphagia and Dysphagia-specific Quality of Life among Community Dwelling Older Adults in Senior Center

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2014;26(4):393-402. Published online August 31, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.4.393

The Risk of Dysphagia and Dysphagia-specific Quality of Life among Community Dwelling Older Adults in Senior Center

Table 1.

Differences to Dysphagia Risk by Process of Swallowing

Variables	Non-risk (n=98)	Risk (n=162)	t	p
Variables	M±SD(Range)	M±SD(Range)	t	p
Pharyngeal dysfunction	0.19±0.59 (0~3)	2.37±2.98 (0~17)	-9.006	.001 ＜
Deglutition dysfunction	0.49±0.93 (0~5)	2.85±2.48 (0~13)	-10.911	.001 ＜
Oral dysfunction	0.90±1.34 (0~5)	8.05±4.86 (0~20)	-17.646	.001 ＜
Esophageal dysfunction	0.27±0.71 (0~4)	2.08±2.38 (0~9)	-9.051	.001 ＜

Table 2.

Differences to Dysphagia Risk by Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Subjects

Characteristics	Categories	Non-risk(n=98)	Risk (n=162)	x² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD (Range)	n (%) or M±SD (Range)	x² or t	p
Age (year)		75.21±6.10 (65~90)	76.12±6.31 (65~93)	-1.142	.255
Gender	Female	62 (63.3)	113 (69.8)	1.168	.172
Gender	Male	36 (36.7)	49 (30.2)	1.168	.172
Level of education	Elementary school ≤	38 (38.8)	87 (53.7)	7.928	.160
	Middle-High school	57 (48.0)	63 (38.9)
	College ≥	13 (13.2)	12 (7.4)
Living arrangement	Alone	33 (33.7)	86 (53.1)	14.913	.005
	Couple	26 (26.5)	44 (27.2)
	2 generations ≥	39 (39.8)	32 (19.7)
Number of family		2.42±1.58 (1~8)	1.77±1.12 (1~6)	3.582	.001 ＜
Monthly expense (10,000 won)		56.43±58.76 (0~300)	42.70±36.80 (0~200)	2.080	.390

Table 3.

Differences to Dysphagia Risk by General Health and Oral Health Related Characteristics

Variables	Characteristics	Categories	Non-risk (n=98)	Risk (n=162)	x² or t	p
Variables	Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD (Range)	n (%) or M±SD (Range)	x² or t	p
Health related characteristics	Number of chronic disease		1.40±1.13	1.78±1.25	-2.524	.012
	Type of chronic disease	Neurology disease	1 (1.0)	14 (8.6)	6.524	.007
		Heart disease	53 (54.1)	92 (56.8)	0.182	.383
		Diabetes mellitus	18 (18.4)	40 (24.7)	1.409	.151
		Gastritis	6 (6.1)	25 (15.4)	5.039	.018
		Depression or insomnia	3 (3.1)	15 (9.3)	3.640	.044
	Number of medication (a day)		2.27±2.23	3.08±3.42	-2.326	.021
	Body weight (kg)		58.82±9.53	56.26±9.09	2.141	.033
	Body weight (kg)		(40~90)	(30~83)
	Perceived dysphagia	Yes	5 (5.1)	33 (20.4)	11.407	.001 ＜
	Attitude toward dysphagia	No	93 (94.9)	129 (79.6)	0.448	.295
	Attitude toward dysphagia	Yes	57 (58.2)	101 (62.3)
Oral health related characteristics	Number of teeth	No	41 (41.8)	61 (37.7)
	Number of tooth brushing (a day)		2.27±1.20	2.04±1.21	1.484	.001 ＜
	Teeth discomfort	Yes	35 (35.7)	86 (53.1)	7.407	.005
	Teeth discomfort	No	63 (64.3)	76 (46.9)
	Denture user	Yes	37 (37.8)	84 (51.9)	4.877	.019
	Denture user	No	61 (62.2)	78 (48.1)
	Duration of denture usage (hour/a day)		6.41±9.31	9.51±10.04	-2.530	.012
	Duration of denture usage (hour/a day)		(0~24)	(0~24)
	Denture discomfort	Yes	11 (29.7)	46 (54.8)	11.303	.004
	Denture discomfort	No	26 (70.3)	38 (45.2)
	Dry mouth during the day	None	66 (67.3)	45 (27.8)	44.308	.001 ＜
		A little	28 (28.6)	73 (45.1)
		Severe	2 (2.0)	25 (15.4)
		Very severe	2 (2.0)	19 (11.7)

Table 4.

Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors which Influence Dysphagia Risk

Classification	Factor		OR	95% CI	p
Risk	Dry mouth during the day	Severe	15.677	2.986~82.297	.001
		Very severe	9.047	1.680~48.726	.010
		A little	4.147	2.075~8.286	.001 ＜
		None	1
	Neurology disease		10.125	1.092~93.899	.042
	Gastritis		5.731	1.482~22.173	.011
	Denture discomfort		2.969	1.016~8.677	.047
	Teeth discomfort		2.610	1.311~5.196	.006
Protective	Number of teeth		0.947	0.903~0.993	.024
		Predicted			Percentage correct (%)
		Yes	No	Total	Percentage correct (%)
Observed (dysphagia risk) -	Yes	61	37	98
	No	30	132	162	74.2
	Total	91	169	260
2LL=268.009, x²=76.511 (df=6, p .001), Nagelkerke R²=0.347.

Table 5.

Correlation Dysphagia risk with Dysphagia Specific Quality of Life for the Subjects

Variables	Dysphagia risk
Variables	r	p
Global dysphagia specific quality of life	-0.560	＜.001
Emotional dysphagia specific quality of life	-0.582	＜.001
Functional dysphagia specific quality of life	-0.575	＜.001
Physical dysphagia specific quality of life	-0.686	＜.001
Total sum	-0.687	＜.001

Table 1. Differences to Dysphagia Risk by Process of Swallowing

Table 2. Differences to Dysphagia Risk by Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Subjects

Table 3. Differences to Dysphagia Risk by General Health and Oral Health Related Characteristics

Table 4. Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors which Influence Dysphagia Risk

Table 5. Correlation Dysphagia risk with Dysphagia Specific Quality of Life for the Subjects

Articles

Page Path

The Risk of Dysphagia and Dysphagia-specific Quality of Life among Community Dwelling Older Adults in Senior Center

Full Article

Abstract

REFERENCES

Figure & Data

References

Citations

CITE

Download Citation

Format:

Include:

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

ABOUT

BROWSE ARTICLES

EDITORIAL POLICY

FOR CONTRIBUTORS