Effect of Job Embeddedness and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention in Nurses

So-Young Son; Jeong Sil Choi

doi:10.7475/kjan.2015.27.2.180

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Effect of Job Embeddedness and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention in Nurses

So-Young Son¹, Jeong Sil Choi²

Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2015;27(2):180-187.
Published online: April 30, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.2.180

¹Graduate School of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon

²College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea

Corresponding author: Choi, Jeong Sil College of Nursing, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea. Tel: +82-32-820-4211, Fax: +82-32-820-4201, E-mail: jschoi408@empal.com

• Received: February 7, 2015 • Accepted: April 6, 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this studywas to analyzetheeffectsof jobembeddednessand jobsatisfactiononturn-over intentionin nurses.
Methods
The study designwas adescriptivesurveyand questionnaires were collected fromMay1to31,2014. Participantswere216 nurses. Datawereanalyzed usingindependent t-test, Scheffetest, ́ one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlationcoefficient and hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program.
Results
Job embeddedness was positively correlated with job satisfaction and negative correlations with turnover intention. Finally, job embeddedness and job satisfaction accounted for 33.1% of the variance in turnoverintention.
Conclusion
Resultsindicatethat jobembeddednessandjobsatisfactionarefactorsinfluencing turnover intention. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and make available programs embracing factors in the prevention and reduction of turnover intention.
Key Words: Job Embeddedness; Satisfaction; Turnover; Nurse

Table 1.

Differences of Turnover Intention according to the Participants' Characteristics (N=216

Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	Turnover intention	t or F	p^†
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M±SD	t or F	p^†
Gender	Female	211 (97.7)	3.08±0.62	-0.66	.513
Gender	Male	5 (2.3)	3.27±0.76	-0.66	.513
Marital status	Single	119 (55.1)	3.21±0.55	3.25	.001
Marital status	Married	97 (44.9)	2.93±0.68	3.25	.001
Age (years)	20~ ＜25^a	29 (13.4)	3.25±0.61	10.10	＜.001
	25~ ＜ 30^b	76 (35.2)	3.24±0.54		a, b, c, d＞e
	30~ ＜35^c	38 (17.6)	3.20±0.49
	35~ ＜40^d	34 (15.7)	3.04±0.62
	≥40^e	39 (18.1)	2.57±0.67
Religion	Yes	174 (80.6)	3.06±0.63	-1.17	.242
Religion	No	42 (19.4)	3.19±0.58	-1.17	.242
Degree	3-year diploma^a	75 (34.7)	3.10±0.61	19.83	＜.001
	4-year bachelor^b	111 (51.4)	3.24±0.53		a, b＞c
	≥Master's^c	30 (13.9)	2.49±0.67		a, b＞c
Clinical experience (years)	1~ ＜5^a	64 (29.6)	3.29±0.58	12.30	＜.001
	5~ ＜10^b	64 (29.6)	3.14±0.50		a, b, c, d＞e
	10~ ＜15^c	38 (17.6)	3.22±0.64
	15~ ＜20^d	31 (14.4)	2.87±0.45
	≥20^e	19 (8.8)	2.32±0.75
Department	General ward^a	96 (44.4)	3.17±0.61	2.75	.029
	ICU^b	45 (20.8)	3.12±0.56		a, b, d＞c
	OPD^c	34 (15.7)	2.77±0.64
	OR	20 (9.3)	3.08±0.60
	ER^d	21 (9.7)	3.15±0.71
Types of work	3-Shift	155 (71.8)	3.18±0.60	3.69	＜.001
Types of work	Full time	61 (28.2)	2.84±0.62	3.69	＜.001
Job position	Staff nurse	196 (90.7)	3.13±0.61	3.21	.002
Job position	≥Charge nurse	20 (9.3)	2.67±0.61	3.21	.002
Salary (10,000 won/year)	＜3,000^a	59 (27.3)	3.08±0.51	10.35	＜.001
	3,000~ ＜4,000^b	96 (44.4)	3.27±0.59		a, b, c＞d
	4,000~ ＜5,000^c	39 (18.1)	2.97±0.64
	≥5,000^d	22 (10.2)	2.52±0.68

ICU=intensive care unit; OPD=out patient department; OR=operation room; ER=emergency room;

^†Scheffe test. ́

Table 2.

Characteristics among Job Embeddedness, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention (N=216)

Variables		Possible range	M±SD
Job embeddedness	Fit	1~5	3.60±0.59
	Sacrifice	1~5	2.83±0.64
	Links	1~5	3.33±0.65
	Total	1~5	3.25±0.54
Job satisfaction		1~5	3.38±0.62
Turnover intention		1~5	3.08±0.63

Table 3.

Correlations among Job Embeddedness, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention (N=216)

Variables	Job embeddedness	Job satisfaction	Turnover intention
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Job embeddedness	1
Job satisfaction	.71	1
Job satisfaction	(＜ .001)
Turnover intention	-.53	-.47	1
Turnover intention	(＜ .001)	(＜ .001)

Table 4.

Predictors of Turnover Intention (N=216)

Variables^†	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Variables^†	β	t	p	β	t	p	β	t	p
Age (years)	-.06	-0.43	.670	.00	0.01	.993	-.02	-0.17	.868
Marital status	.06	0.63	.529	.11	1.36	.176	.10	1.27	.207
Degree	-.02	-0.22	.826	.01	0.12	.901	.02	0.21	.834
Clinical experience (years)	-.33	-2.21	.044	-.29	-0.91	.058	-.23	-1.55	.123
Department	-.01	-0.13	.895	.03	0.49	.626	.01	0.12	.902
Types of work	-.09	-1.21	.227	-.10	-0.43	.155	-.05	-0.73	.465
Job position	-.08	-1.07	.288	-.06	-0.97	.333	-.07	-1.04	.301
Salary	.00	0.90	.368	.13	1.49	.139	.15	1.74	.084
Job satisfaction				-.40	-5.78	＜ .001	-.18	-2.11	.036
Job embeddedness							-.35	-4.11	＜.001
R² change		.158			.117			.055
Adj. R²		.158			.275			.330
F (p)	4.85 (＜ .001)			8.70 (＜ .001)			10.12 (＜ .001)

Durbin-Watson=1.648, Tolerance=.72~.99, VIF=1.10~1.39;

^†Dummy (Married=1, Master's=1, Out Patient Department=1, Full time=1, Charge ≥ ≥ nurse=1).

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Effect of Job Embeddedness and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention in Nurses

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2015;27(2):180-187. Published online April 30, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.2.180

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Effect of Job Embeddedness and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention in Nurses

Korean J Adult Nurs. 2015;27(2):180-187. Published online April 30, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.2.180

Effect of Job Embeddedness and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention in Nurses

Table 1.

Differences of Turnover Intention according to the Participants' Characteristics (N=216

Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	Turnover intention	t or F	p^†
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M±SD	t or F	p^†
Gender	Female	211 (97.7)	3.08±0.62	-0.66	.513
Gender	Male	5 (2.3)	3.27±0.76	-0.66	.513
Marital status	Single	119 (55.1)	3.21±0.55	3.25	.001
Marital status	Married	97 (44.9)	2.93±0.68	3.25	.001
Age (years)	20~ ＜25^a	29 (13.4)	3.25±0.61	10.10	＜.001
	25~ ＜ 30^b	76 (35.2)	3.24±0.54		a, b, c, d＞e
	30~ ＜35^c	38 (17.6)	3.20±0.49
	35~ ＜40^d	34 (15.7)	3.04±0.62
	≥40^e	39 (18.1)	2.57±0.67
Religion	Yes	174 (80.6)	3.06±0.63	-1.17	.242
Religion	No	42 (19.4)	3.19±0.58	-1.17	.242
Degree	3-year diploma^a	75 (34.7)	3.10±0.61	19.83	＜.001
	4-year bachelor^b	111 (51.4)	3.24±0.53		a, b＞c
	≥Master's^c	30 (13.9)	2.49±0.67		a, b＞c
Clinical experience (years)	1~ ＜5^a	64 (29.6)	3.29±0.58	12.30	＜.001
	5~ ＜10^b	64 (29.6)	3.14±0.50		a, b, c, d＞e
	10~ ＜15^c	38 (17.6)	3.22±0.64
	15~ ＜20^d	31 (14.4)	2.87±0.45
	≥20^e	19 (8.8)	2.32±0.75
Department	General ward^a	96 (44.4)	3.17±0.61	2.75	.029
	ICU^b	45 (20.8)	3.12±0.56		a, b, d＞c
	OPD^c	34 (15.7)	2.77±0.64
	OR	20 (9.3)	3.08±0.60
	ER^d	21 (9.7)	3.15±0.71
Types of work	3-Shift	155 (71.8)	3.18±0.60	3.69	＜.001
Types of work	Full time	61 (28.2)	2.84±0.62	3.69	＜.001
Job position	Staff nurse	196 (90.7)	3.13±0.61	3.21	.002
Job position	≥Charge nurse	20 (9.3)	2.67±0.61	3.21	.002
Salary (10,000 won/year)	＜3,000^a	59 (27.3)	3.08±0.51	10.35	＜.001
	3,000~ ＜4,000^b	96 (44.4)	3.27±0.59		a, b, c＞d
	4,000~ ＜5,000^c	39 (18.1)	2.97±0.64
	≥5,000^d	22 (10.2)	2.52±0.68

ICU=intensive care unit; OPD=out patient department; OR=operation room; ER=emergency room;

^†Scheffe test. ́

Table 2.

Characteristics among Job Embeddedness, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention (N=216)

Variables		Possible range	M±SD
Job embeddedness	Fit	1~5	3.60±0.59
	Sacrifice	1~5	2.83±0.64
	Links	1~5	3.33±0.65
	Total	1~5	3.25±0.54
Job satisfaction		1~5	3.38±0.62
Turnover intention		1~5	3.08±0.63

Table 3.

Correlations among Job Embeddedness, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention (N=216)

Variables	Job embeddedness	Job satisfaction	Turnover intention
Variables	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
Job embeddedness	1
Job satisfaction	.71	1
Job satisfaction	(＜ .001)
Turnover intention	-.53	-.47	1
Turnover intention	(＜ .001)	(＜ .001)

Table 4.

Predictors of Turnover Intention (N=216)

Variables^†	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Variables^†	β	t	p	β	t	p	β	t	p
Age (years)	-.06	-0.43	.670	.00	0.01	.993	-.02	-0.17	.868
Marital status	.06	0.63	.529	.11	1.36	.176	.10	1.27	.207
Degree	-.02	-0.22	.826	.01	0.12	.901	.02	0.21	.834
Clinical experience (years)	-.33	-2.21	.044	-.29	-0.91	.058	-.23	-1.55	.123
Department	-.01	-0.13	.895	.03	0.49	.626	.01	0.12	.902
Types of work	-.09	-1.21	.227	-.10	-0.43	.155	-.05	-0.73	.465
Job position	-.08	-1.07	.288	-.06	-0.97	.333	-.07	-1.04	.301
Salary	.00	0.90	.368	.13	1.49	.139	.15	1.74	.084
Job satisfaction				-.40	-5.78	＜ .001	-.18	-2.11	.036
Job embeddedness							-.35	-4.11	＜.001
R² change		.158			.117			.055
Adj. R²		.158			.275			.330
F (p)	4.85 (＜ .001)			8.70 (＜ .001)			10.12 (＜ .001)

Durbin-Watson=1.648, Tolerance=.72~.99, VIF=1.10~1.39;

^†Dummy (Married=1, Master's=1, Out Patient Department=1, Full time=1, Charge ≥ ≥ nurse=1).

Table 1. Differences of Turnover Intention according to the Participants' Characteristics (N=216

ICU=intensive care unit; OPD=out patient department; OR=operation room; ER=emergency room;

†

Scheffe test. ́

Table 2. Characteristics among Job Embeddedness, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention (N=216)

Table 3. Correlations among Job Embeddedness, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention (N=216)

Table 4. Predictors of Turnover Intention (N=216)

Durbin-Watson=1.648, Tolerance=.72~.99, VIF=1.10~1.39;

†

Dummy (Married=1, Master's=1, Out Patient Department=1, Full time=1, Charge ≥ ≥ nurse=1).

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