PURPOSE
The purpose of this methodological study was to develop a teaching efficacy scale for clinical nursing instructors and to establish its validity and reliability.
METHODS
Based on the literature review and focus group interviews, the attributes of the roles and capabilities of clinical nursing instructors were identified and a scale was developed. The content validity test and preparatory investigation were conducted to produce a total of 54 questions of the study.
RESULTS
Factor analysis indicated six factors whose eigenvalue was 1 or greater. Cumulative dispersion explained by the factors was the combined 67.3%. In the final analysis, forty-two questions were selected. The “Student instruction” factor showed high loadings with 12 questions and explained 17.4% of total variance. The “Teaching improvement” factor was loaded with 9 questions; “Application of Teaching and Learning” 7 questions; “Interpersonal relationship and communication,” 7 questions; “Clinical judgement” 4 questions; “Clinical skill instruction” 3 questions. The overall reliability of the tools measured with Cronbach's was .97.
CONCLUSION
All these findings confirmed that the teaching efficacy scale for clinical nursing instructors have content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity, and all questions are internally consistent and reliable.

Citations

• Effectiveness of a critical reflection competency program for clinical nurse educators: a pilot study
  Sujin Shin, Inyoung Lee, Jeonghyun Kim, Eunyoung Oh, Eunmin Hong
  BMC Nursing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Clinical competency and associated factors among undergraduate nursing students studying in universities of Southern regional state of Ethiopia, 2021
  Tamene Fetene Terefe, Haimanot Abebe Geletie, Fisha Alebel GebreEyesus, Tadesse Tsehay Tarekegn, Baye Tsegaye Amlak, Kassa Kindie, Omega Tolessa Geleta, Agerie Aynalem Mewahegn, Bogale Chekole Temere, Shegaw Tesfa Mengist, Masino Tessu Beshir, Alemayehu W
  Heliyon.2023; 9(8): e18677.     CrossRef
• Development of a protocol for guidance in the pediatric nursing practicum in South Korea: a methodology study
  Hyun Young Koo, Bo Ryeong Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 51.     CrossRef
• Development of Core Competency Scale for clinical nursing student educators
  Hyun Sook Park, Eun Hee Choi, Gyung Duck Kim, Young Hee Kim, Mi Yang Jeon, Hyenam Hwang
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(4): 345.     CrossRef
• Factors associated with teaching efficacy among nurse educators in hospital settings
  Sujin Shin, Youngmi Kang, Eun Hee Hwang, Jeonghyun Kim
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2021; 30(7-8): 1111.     CrossRef
• Development and Validation of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Nursing Educators’ Role in Sri Lanka
  Shyamamala S. Weerasekara, Jina Oh, Haeryun Cho, Mihae Im
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(15): 7773.     CrossRef
• The Effectiveness of Peer Learning in Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Meta-Analysis
  Jung A. Choi, Oksoo Kim, Seonmin Park, Hyeongji Lim, Jung-Hee Kim
  Clinical Simulation in Nursing.2021; 50: 92.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify a model based on f the learning objectives in adult health nursing curriculums. The model can be eventually reflected in Korean National Nurse's Licensing Examination (KNNLE).
METHODS
The model was developed through a series of practical analysis by the task force team from June to October, 2011. The research team conducted the data synthesis and analysis from the learning objectives of adult health nursing drawn from selected national and international universities, from the adult health nursing areas in KNNLE, and from the current disease prevalence from clinical data in the representative university hospitals in Korea.
RESULTS
The current disease prevalence and mortality rates are on the increase especially for malignant neoplasm, heart diseases, suicide and diabetes. The items on the KNNLE of adult nursing are categorized by body systems into digestive system (15%), introduction (13.8%), respiratory system (11.3%), and cardiac system (11.3%). While the current system-based learning objectives covers extensive areas of adult health nursing, the core items are required to be selected based on core competences and core learning objectives to restructure the items of KNNLE. The first revised model is to consolidate and restructure the items microscopically in the subjects of adult health nursing by system. The second proposed model from macroscopic perspective is to build a comprehensive scheme of nursing curriculum by encompassing 8 subjects under current KNNLE and adjust the number of items accordingly.
CONCLUSION
The items of KNNLE need to be gradually redesigned by considering the intervention need at clinical practice and the modified learning objectives of adult health nursing. Based on the job analysis on core competences for newly employed nurses performed by the Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing, it is necessary to establish the core learning objectives of adult health nursing and set up standards for core items in KNNLE.

PURPOSE
To describe the lived experience of nursing students when faced with clinical judgment in a nursing practicum at the hospital.
METHODS
A descriptive research design was utilized. Participants were 79 students in the clinical practicum. Participant consent was obtained for ethical protection. Data were collected from August to December 2007 using a semi-structured questionnaire. Content analysis was utilized for data analysis.
RESULTS
Two categories and 5 themes were extracted from the data for 'difficult' and 'easy' clinical judgments. For the student category, the two themes were 'knowledge' and 'skill', while the three themes for the clinical education environment category were, 'judgment of clinical symptoms and signs', 'differences between theory and practice' and 'human relationships'. For coping, 2 categories and 5 themes were extracted for the difficult clinical judgment situation, while one category and one theme were found for the easy clinical judgment situation.
CONCLUSION
To develop students' clinical judgment, there is need to develop the method of clinical skills using simulation in clinical teaching. For future research, a study on factors affecting clinical judgment of nursing students in hospitals is needed.

PURPOSE
This exploratory study was to identify the use of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) in women with breast cancer and to analyze which factor influence CAM use.
METHODS
114 patients with breast cancer were identified and approached. The instrument used to gather data were the common types, main reasons and effects as well as stress, mood states and fatigue.
RESULTS
42.7% of all participants reported the use of CAM. The most common types of CAM used were Phellinus linteus, elm tree, and vitamin C. The main reasons for CAM use were to boost the immune system and to prevent recurrence. Prayer, massage, Shitake mushroom, and Ganoderma lucidum were, identified as being more effective than others. 93.6% of the respondents informed their physicians of their use of CAM. Logistic regression analysis determined that stress, mood states, and duration after diagnosis were factors significantly associated with CAM use.
CONCLUSION
CAM use is increasing among patients with breast cancer. Health care professionals are in the main position to identify what treatments patients are using and implement CAM therapies that can be helpful to relieve patient symptoms related to treatment and psychological distress.

PURPOSE
To describe the status of the laboratory facilities, equipment and expenses for practice in a four-year nursing schools and to analyze mandatory requirements for laboratory facilities and equipment.
METHOD
A descriptive survey research design was used. The participants were 49 of the 4-year nursing schools across the nation. The data were collected by e-mail. The return rate for questionnaires was 63.3% (n=31).
RESULT
In 2001 the total expenses for laboratory practice were 21,865,230 won and the average per student was 102,418 won. Types of laboratories included single and complex. The mean size for laboratories was 318.7 m2 and mean size for laboratories for fundamental nursing was 161.1 m2. The range for number of students in a laboratory class was 20-30 for eight universities (30.8%). Among required laboratory equipment, items that were deficient in 50% in the universities were mercury and aneroid sphygmomanometers for children, electronic sphygmomanometers, Bell type fetal stetho- scopes, sheepskin, beds for children, for gynecology, and electronic hilo beds. Among the elective equipment, items that were deficient in 50% of the universities were O2 tents, Blackmore tubes, retractors, hot-water supply, and incentive spirometers. The number of items that needed to add to the equipment were 10 for required equipment and 22 for elective equipment.
CONCLUSION
A standardized mandatory list of equipment for laboratory facilities and expenses for practice in 4-year nursing schools needs to be developed.

PUPPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of breast self-examination (BSE) education between at education and three months.
METHOD
The study subjects were consisted of 30 women chosen from those in a Catholic church in Seoul. The data was collected by using questionnare at two different times: immediately after the BSE education and 3 momths after.
RESULT
At three months, women who performed BSE was 50.0% and the number of BSE practce was 2.53. There was statistically significant change on the score of the knowledge, barrier and practice between at education and three months later. Susceptibility was increased after three month, but wasn't significant different. Confidence, motivation after three months were decreased from the time of initial BSE education and wasn't significantly changed. It was found that motivation about BSE explained 44.2% of variance.
CONCLUSION
The findings showed that the knowledge of BSE, and attitudes and practice were change between at the time of the first survey and at three months. Therefore, the intensive education about BSE can be effective to enhance women's health belief and practice to perform BSE for early detection of breast cancer.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factor to self actualization in middle-aged women.
METHOD
The subjects for this study were 191 middle-aged women selected by convenience sampling in three cities. Data collection was done using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression.
RESULT
The results of this study were as follows: 1. The relationship between self-efficacy, social support, self esteem, motivation for achievement, parental satisfaction with children and self-actualization were found to have statistically significant positive correlations. But the relationship between depression and self-actualization were found to have statistically significant negative correlation. 2. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor was social support. Social support, motivation for achievement and self esteem accounted for 38.1% of the variance in self-actualization in middle aged women.
CONCLUSION
According to these results, it is recommended that in order to enhance self-actualization in middle-aged women, empowerment of social support, motivation for achievement and self esteem should be pursued.

In chronic illness patients, promotion and self-care are important strategies for maintaining and improving health. Self-care behavior of hypertensive patient are affected by various variables. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between three cognitive-perceptual resources-self efficacy, hardiness and perceived barriers and self-care in hypertensive patients. The subjects for the study were 102 patients who admitted to K medical center or visited to out-patient ward. The instruments used for this study included a survey of general characteristic. self-care, self efficacy, health related hardiness and perceived barriers. Analysis of data was done by use of mean, t-test, ANOVA, Person correlation coefficient and multiple regression The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1)The average score for the self-care was 56.18, for the hardiness was 120.90, for the self efficacy was 59.46 and for the perceived barriers was 34.60. 2)The relationships between the variables of self-care and cognitive-perceptual resource-self efficacy, hardiness, perceived barriers were significant. Self-care was significantly related to hardiness(r=.47, p<.001), suggesting that the person with high hardiness got higher self care scores. Self-care was significantly related to perceived barriers(r=-.41, p<.001), suggesting that the person with high perceived barriers got higher self care scores. A slight but significant correlation was also found between self-care and self efficacy(r=.26, p<.01). 3)In the relationships between general characteristics variables and self-care there were significant differences in gender(t=2.46, p<.05), job(t=3.72, p<.05), duration of illness(t=4.92, p<.05). 4)Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between self-care and independent variables(self-efficacy, hardiness, perceived barriers) and selected general characteristics variables-job, duration of illness. These variables accounted for 36% of the variance in self-care score(F=13.34, p<.000). The hardiness was the most predictive factor(R2=19%) followed by job and perceived barriers. The finding of this study have implications for education of hypertensive patients and health care providers. For chronically ill patients adhere to self-care, we should focus on determining their personal resources such as hardiness and perceived barriers.

The purpose of this study was to test psychometric properties Health-Related Hardiness Scale(HRHS) for Korean elderly. HRHS has been developed by Pollock to measure the effect of hardiness in individuals with actual health problems. Items were generated to measure dimensions based on theoretical definitions of health-related control, commitment, and challenge. In 1990, Pollcok and Duffy revised HRHS to be 34 items. In this study, 34-item HRHS(Pollock & Duffy, 1990) was translated into Korean and administered to 193 elderly involving in 95 hospitalized patients and 98 outpatients or healthy people. The subjects were 80 women and 112 men with an age range of 65 to 95 years(M=71 years) in whom 82.6% classified themselves as moderate or pretty active. Most subjects(80.2%) had education of elementary school or less. The 34-item HRHS consists of three subscales: control, commitment, and challenge, and was measured with 1(strongly disagree) to 6(strongly agree) Likert scale. The higher the score is, the higher people's hardiness. Factor analysis was performed to confirm whether the scale represents three sub-areas as suggested in the literature. Two factors were isolated, using principle components analysis. Two factor solution was accepted for the study since Pollock described the possibility of classifying sub-areas into two divisions. These two factors, commitment/challenge and control accounted for 31.9% of variance of the scale. Factor loadings were string, ranging from .41 to .77. The moderate correlation with task self-efficacy scale also supported the validity(r=.35, p<.05). The scale was found to be internally consistent, showing Cronbanch;s alpha of .90 for the total items with the range of .82 and .90 for three subscales. The findings revealed the potential applicability of HRHS to nursing intervention studies for elderly.

No abstract available.