Purpose
This study is a prospective observational study that analyzes the factors affecting and the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients under general anesthesia.
Methods
The study enrolled 193 elderly patients who entered the recovery room after surgery under general anesthesia in a certified tertiary hospital. Data were measured twice-first, before surgery and, second, 30 minutes after the patient entered the recovery room-using the Korean Nursing Delirium Screening Scale. The data were analyzed using x ² tests, the independent t-test, and logistic regression from SPSS 22.0.
Results
The incidence of delirium in elderly patients after surgery under general anesthesia was 13.0% (25 of 193 patients). The incidence of delirium was a significant in the following cases: elderly patient, patients who performed physical activity with assistance at pre-operation, those with lower body mass index, those with lower body weight, those with long operative times, and those with high preoperative pain scores. The occurrence of delirium was 16.57 times higher in the presence of comorbidities, 5.74 times higher when hospitalization occurred through the emergency room, and 3.99 times higher when the number of catheters was high.
Conclusion
Screening for early delirium in the recovery room is important, and it can provide basic data for early nursing intervention in patients suffering from postoperative delirium.

PURPOSE
This study sought to examine the relationships among patient's stress, pain, and nursing needs in the recovery room after surgery that was performed under general anaesthesia.
METHODS
Participants were adult patients aged 20 to 64 years who underwent surgery under general anesthesia from February 5, 2018 to March 9, 2018. A survey was conducted to evaluate the participants' general demographics, stress, pain and recovery room nursing needs at a Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). A total of 145 patients receiving operational treatment in Daejin Medical Center at Gyeonggi-do were recruited. Collected data were analyzed in terms of percentage, frequency, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program.
RESULTS
Among the PACU nursing needs environmental and educational nursing needs were the highest. In addition, patients with underlying diseases experienced more post-operational stress and had fewer educational nursing needs in the recovery room. Therefore, Aggressive pain management and emotional recovery room nursing needs should be provided in the PACU.
CONCLUSION
It is necessary to build a comfortable environment for the patient as well as protect patients from infection and guarantee their privacy. In order to reduce patients' stress, educational nursing needs in the recovery room should be provided before an operation.

Citations

• Preoperative Anxiety and Its Postoperative Associated Factors in Patients Receiving Post Anesthetic Recovery Care at Surgical Intensive Care Unit
  Yul Ha Lee, Hye-Ja Park
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(3): 267.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate patients’ perceived postoperative recovery over time and to identify the influences of resilience and social support on postoperative recovery among patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
METHODS
101 patients with GI cancer who underwent surgery at S tertiary hospital were recruited from October 29th, 2015 to January 19th, 2016. Data was collected 3 times at postoperative day (POD)3, and POD5 in the hospital and at POD14 at home. Statistical analyses used were descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, correlation, and linear mixed model.
RESULTS
The patients' perceived postoperative recovery(reverse cording) decreased at home rather than time during hospital stay (POD3: 16.70, POD5: 15.74, POD14: 17.08). Postoperative recovery at POD5 showed negative correlation with resilience (r=−.36, p=.002). Postoperative recovery scores at POD14 were negatively correlated with resilience (r=−.60, p < .001) and social support (r=−.34, p=.019). There was a positive correlation (r=−.36, p=.002) between resilience and social support. Resilience was a significant associated factor with postoperative recovery over time (β=−0.29, p=.001).
CONCLUSION
Since the degree of postoperative recovery after hospital discharge was perceived lower than that of during hospital stay, nursing interventions such as nurse-led telephone follow-up programs should be applied during the transition period.

Citations

• Influence of Resilience and Social Support on Body Image of Patients in an Acute Stage Following Traffic Accidents
  Jihye Shin, Jieun Cha
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2021; 28(2): 156.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Patients with Radical Prostatectomy
  Hyo Jung Park, Yoonju Lee
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(2): 190.     CrossRef
• Predictive model for quality of life in patients with recurrent coronary artery disease
  Eunhee Jo, Sung Reul Kim, Hye Young Kim
  European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2019; 18(6): 501.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine an increase in the number of younger and middle-aged people who have a stroke and the differences in their recovery experience compared with older people.
METHODS
The research question for this study was "What is the recovery experience of young adults and middle-aged people who suffer a stroke?". In order to answer the question, the grounded theory method was utilized. The data was collected through individual in-depth interviews of six participants, their age ranged from 36 to 45 years old.
RESULTS
After comparative analysis, the core category was "standing up for oneself with limit". The experience process were categorized into four stages: 'Facing Reality stage', 'Motivation stage', 'Desire Recovery stage', 'Self-Overcoming stage'.
CONCLUSION
Most of the research for the recovery process was prognostic in nature and the results. This study was demonstrated certain indicators which can be useful in further research.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to compare the recovery state of 6 month between s-ICH and s-SAH patients. The patients' recovery state was measured with 2 dimensions: functional and cognitive. METHODS: Non-experimental prospective design was adopted by including 108 hemorrhagic stroke patients(s-ICH: 52 vs s-SAH: 56) admitted to Intensive Care Unit of one university hospital. RESULTS: The study results showed that overall functional recovery state of s-SAH patients was better than that of s-ICH patients, and s-SAH patients also showed better recovery states in all of the sub-dimensions of functional recovery, such as feeding, grooming, and toileting, than those of s-ICH in 6 month. On the contrary, the study results showed that overall cognitive recovery states of 6 month between two groups were not significantly different. However, according to the results comparing the sub-dimensions of cognitive recovery, s-SAH patients' recovery states on attention, communication and memory were significantly better than those of s-ICH patients, while recovery states on problem solving, safety behavior, and social behavior between 2 groups were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: From the study results, it was noted that s-SAH patients showed better recovery states in cognitive dimension as well as in functional dimension compared with s-ICH patients.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to discover the recovery process of those having had myocardial infarction.
METHODS
15 participants with myocardial infarction were recruited by theoretical sampling methods. The data were retrieved through in depth interview, participant observation, and medical records of the patients. Collected data were analyzed through grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin(1998).
RESULTS
63 concepts, 27 subcategories, and 11 categories were deduced from the open coding process. The recovery process of myocardial infarction showed to be a process of 'Controling healthy track', and chronological recovery process was a four-step process of recognizing disruption of healthy track, making efforts for controlling the disrupted healthy track, reconstructing the new healthy track, and adapting to the new healthy track phase. 'Controling healthy track' had three types of self-initiation, contention of reality, and fateful acceptance.
CONCLUSION
The results provided basic information for nursing intervention strategies depending on 'Controling healthy track' process by each phase and different types.

PURPOSE
This research was conducted to evaluate, analyze, and determine the limitation of the anesthesia that is used in the recovery room in order to provide the foundation for developing the effectiveness of it.
METHOD
The recovery records of this study were collected from 41 hospitals in Seoul, Kyung Ki, and Inchon province. The post anesthetic recovery records consisted of the evaluation of type, evaluative items, frequency, time, score and S(a)O2. These records were collected from September to December of 2005.
RESULTS
The most commonly used post anesthetic evaluation tool was Alderete Score, which was used in 73% of hospitals. The second was Aldrete Score with S(a)O2(17%). Also, 5% of the hospitals used the modified AS form. There were 2.5% of the hospitals applying the adult and child in the evaluation separately. Also, the last 2.5% of the hospitals did not use AS but measured BP, pulse, respiration, temperature, and S(a)O2 with observing nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, backache, laryngitis, shock, and neurologic assessment.
CONCLUSION
It is necessary to develop a post-anesthetic recovery evaluation tool including the application of S(a)O2, so that the early-diagnosis of hypoxia can be possible. In addition, it is necessary to develop a post-anesthetic recovery evaluating method that can distinguish a difference between adults and children.

PURPOSE
This study aims at confirming the effects of the chest meridian massage on the post-anesthetic recovery of general anesthesia appendectomy patients. METHOD: The research was post-test designed as a nonequivalent control group among quasi-experiments tested. The data was collected from June 20, 2003 to October 14, 2003 at a hospital in P city. In the collected data, using SPSS Win 10.0 program, these general features were analyzed by real numbers and percentages; the homogeneity among variables by chi2-test and t-test and the research hypothesis by the t-test. RESULT: Hypothesis 1; The experimental group receiving the treatment of the chest meridian massage will have a much higher post-anesthetic recovery score than that of the control group not receiving it was supported(t=2.544, p=.014). Hypothesis 2; The experimental group receiving the treatment of the chest meridian massage will have a much shorter time of stay in the recovery room than that of the control group not receiving it was supported(t=-4.919, p=.000). CONCLUSION: According to these results, it may be concluded that Chest Meridian Massage is effective in producing a higher level of post-anesthetic recovery score and helps appendectomy patients reduce the time of stay in the recovery room. Therefore the chest meridian massage can be considered as an intervention therapy for directly nursing general anesthesia appendectomy patients.

This study was performed to examine the safety of the Aldrete Scoring system and the reliability of 8 objective non-invasive methods in the evaluation of post-anesthesia recovery. Aldrete Score(AS) and Maximum Inspiratory Force(MIF), Hand Muscle Grip Power(HMGP), Respiratory Frequency(RF), Tidal Volume(V(T)), Arterial Oxygen Saturation(SaO2), systolic blood pressure(sBP), heart rate(HR), and orientation were measured in the pre-anesthesia period, at the arrival in recovery room and using the AS 10, in 137 patients during a 3 month in 1998 at K hospital. Data obtained by the objective non-invasive methods of the AS 10 were compared with their relevant recovery criteria to the 8 objective non-invasive methods by the use of the t-test. The results were as follows: 1. The MIF of 63 patients using the AS 10 was below the discharge criteria from recovery room(DCrm), but the mean MIF(-34.6 +/- 23.4 cmH2O) was above the DCrm. Women, over 30 years of age or weighing below 60kg, showed significant differences from those whose MIF was below the DCrm(P<0.05). 2. V(T) of 118 patients at AS 10 was below their DCrm and the mean V(T)(3.5 +/- 1.4ml/kg) was significant 19 lower than difference below the DCrm(P<0.01). Women were more commonly present among those who V(T) was below the DCrm. 3. SaO2 of 2 patients using the AS 10 was below their DCrm, but the mean SaO2(98.0 +/- 0.8%) was above the DCrm. 4. HMGP and orientation using the AS 10 were above their DCrm. 5. RF, systolic blood pressure and pulse rate using the AS 10 were within the range of their DCrm. 6. V(T), MIF and SaO2 of some patients, who complained of general malaise or respiratory difficulty during the postanesthesia 24 hours, were less than DCrm. The Above results showed that AS 10 alone was not enough to fulfil the recovery discharge criteria of MIF, V(T) and SaO2, Hence some objective non-invasive monitorings such as SaO2, MIF and V(T) need to be adopted to secure the safe recovery in the recovery room.