PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to explore the factors contributing to death anxiety among elders through family support, ageism experience, loneliness and helplessness.
METHODS
The participants were 155 elders who lived in S city. The data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire in elders over age 65. In addition, their levels of death anxiety, family support, ageism experience, loneliness, helplessness and death anxiety were measured using a likert scale Data analysis using a t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS 20 program.
RESULTS
Significant differences were found in the levels of perceived death anxiety between the variables affecting death anxiety in elders. Pearson's Correlation were found family support (p<.001), ageism experience (p<.001), loneliness (p<.001) and helplessness (p<.001) with death anxiety.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that such variables should be considered for decreasing death anxiety by family support, ageism experience, loneliness and helplessness in elders.

Citations

• Meaning of Work, Ageism Experience, Social Exclusion, and Quality of Life in Working Older Adults
  Ju Young Park
  Journal of Gerontological Nursing.2025; 51(5): 46.     CrossRef
• Factors associated with attitudes toward death and dying in the second half of life: A scoping review
  Alana Officer, Matthew Prina, Andreea Badache, Barbara Broers, Sam Gnanapragasam, Sophie Pautex
  Death Studies.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
• YAŞLILARDA ÖLÜM KAYGISI İLE HASTALIK ÖZELLİKLERİ, YALNIZLIK VE SOSYAL DESTEK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER
  Serpil GÜNDOĞAN, Aysun BABACAN GÜMÜŞ
  STED / Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Controversies in terror management theory research and its implications for research on the psychology of death
  Xianghan MENG, Qiang LI, Yanbang ZHOU, Jin WANG
  Advances in Psychological Science.2021; 29(3): 492.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Death Anxiety among Rural Elderly
  Hyenam Hwang
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(2): 111.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Death Anxiety in Community-Dwelling Elderly: Based on the Ecology Theory
  Yeonha Kim, Minju Kim
  The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2019; 22(1): 30.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Death Anxiety in Elderly Patients in Long-term Care Hospitals
  Mi Suk Lee, Hee Jung Choi
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2016; 18(3): 138.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify an influence of self-esteem and family- support on powerlessness of hospitalized elderly patients with chronic disease. METHOD: The subjects were 151 hospitalized elderly patients, age over 60, with chronic disease and admitted for at least 1 week. The data were collected by individual interview using a tructured questionnaire during the period from July 10th to August l0th, 2003 from three general hospitals in Busan. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, hierarchical multiple regression. RESULT: The level of self-esteem, family support, and powerlessness was 38.00, 38.26, and 38.38, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and family support and a negative correlation between self-esteem and powerlessness and between family support and powerlessness. Self-esteem and family support were each significant predictor of powerlessness. CONCLUSION: This study showed the hospitalized elderly patients need greater family-support and higher self-esteem to relieve the level of powerlessness. I suggest to study for replication in a larger sample size and considering the lengths of hospitalization for generalization of this study and to develop individual intervention programs for increasing family support and self esteem and testify their effects on the relief of powerlessness of the elderly.

This study was designed and undertaken to find out the degree of powerlessness, self-esteem and family support of elderly home residents and to determine the relationship between powerlessness, self-esteem and family support. The data were collected from October 1st to 20th, 1998. The subjects in this study were 271 elderly home residents over the age 60 living in Taejon city. The study tool for measuring powerlessness was developed by S.E.Chung(1998), the other for measuring self-esteem, was a self-esteem scale developed by Rosenberg, and the tool for measuring family support was developed by Choi(1983), Cobb(1976) and Kang(1984). Data were analysed for percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA and Peason-correlation coefficients using the SPSS program. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The degree of powerlessness, self-esteem and family support was scored avove the median. 2. The relationship between powerlessness and self-esteem revealed a no significant inverse correlation, but powerlessness and family support, showed a significant inverse correlation, and self-esteem and family support, registered a very statistically significant correlation. 3. The general characteristics showing the differences of the elderly' powerlessness were sex, one' s health of state compared to other elderly' and living expense load. These yielded statistically very significant results. 4. The general characteristics showing the differences of the elderly' self-esteem were sex, state of ownership of a house, age, religion, one's health of state compared to other elderly'. Among these, sex and state of ownership of a house revealed statistically very significant differences, also age, religion and one's health of state produced statistically significant differences. 5. The general characteristics showing the differences of the elderly' family support were sex, state of ownership of a house, having some diagnosed diseases or not and one's health of state compared to other elderly' health. These also showed statistically significant differences. In conclusion, the factors influencing the elderly' powerlessness, self-esteem and family support generally were age, sex, their economic independence and health of state(which included especially having a diagnosed disease). Also, the family support was needed to reduce their powerlessness and to have their self-esteem highly.

This study was a descriptive correlationstudy. It tried to test the relationships between family support, powerlessness and depression in the elderly patient to develop basic data for nursing intervention. The subjects of this study were 61 patients, over the age of 60, who were admitted in one university hospital in Daegue. The data were analyzed by percentage, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score for family support was 3.52 (maximum score ; 4). The mean score for powerlessness was 2.51 (maximum score ; 4). The mean score for depression was 2.35(maximum score ; 4). 2. In general characteristics, educational level and number of children were significantly related to the level of depression 3. The correlations between family support and powerlessness, or family support and depression were negative. The correlation between power-lessness and depression was positive. This study revealed that powerlessness and depression were correlated with family support. Consequently, the implication for nursing is that there is a need to develop an intervention program for the patient's family in order to improve family support.