PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to construct, develop, and apply a nursing information system (NIS) using NANDA-NOC-NIC linkage in medical-surgical nursing units.
METHODS
This study consisted of three phases which were the construction of the database, development of the NIS, and application of the NIS. To construct the database, a questionnaire and nursing record review by an expert group were used. Collected data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 13.0 program.
RESULTS
In first phase, the database was made up of 50 nursing diagnoses, 127 nursing outcomes and 300 nursing interventions. In the second phase, NIS was developed according to its flow diagram and then tested. In the third phase, the developed NIS was applied to 130 inpatients. Nursing diagnoses frequently used were acute pain, delayed surgical recovery, and deficient knowledge (specify). Nursing outcomes for a nursing diagnosis of 'acute pain' were identified as pain control, pain level and comfort level. Nursing interventions for the nursing outcome 'pain control' were pain management, patient controlled analgesia assistance and medication management.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study will facilitate the use of the newly proposed NIS in nursing practice and provide a guideline for evidence-based nursing.

Citations

• Configuring a computer‑based nursing process form to support nursing diagnosis in rural healthcare clinics in Nigeria
  Chinemerem Eleke, Ada C. Nwaner, Joy C. Samuel, Sabinah Ngbala‑Okpabi, Ifeyinwa S. Agu, Damiete M. Amachree, Tex‑Jack Dokuba
  Journal of Public Health in Africa.2023; 14(10): 9.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Nursing Interventions using Standardized Nursing Terminologies: An Integrative Review
  Sena Chae, Hyunkyoung Oh, Sue Moorhead
  Western Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 42(11): 963.     CrossRef
• Identification of Nursing Diagnosis–Outcome–Intervention Linkages for Inpatients in the Obstetrics Department Nursing Unit in South Korea
  Min Ji Yang, Hye Young Kim, Eun Ko, Hyun Kyung Kim
  International Journal of Nursing Knowledge.2019; 30(1): 12.     CrossRef
• Identification of Nursing Diagnosis-Outcome-Intervention Linkages for Inpatients in Gynecology Department Nursing Units
  Min Ji Yang, Hye Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(3): 170.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Nursing Diagnoses Applied to Emergency Room Patients - Using the NANDA Nursing Diagnosis Classification -*
  Young A Kim, Soon Hee Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2015; 22(1): 16.     CrossRef
• Identification of Major Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing Outcomes, and Nursing Interventions (NNN) Linkage for Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
  Su Mi Song, Hyangsook So, Minjeong An
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(4): 413.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to assess the importance and contribution of 9 nursing outcomes and their indicators that could be applied to cerebrovascular patients. METHODS: Data were collected from 175 neurosurgical nurses working at two university affiliated hospitals and five secondary hospitals located in Gwang-ju. The Fehring method was used to estimate outcome content validity(OCV) and outcome sensitivity validity(OSV) of nursing outcomes and their indicators. Stepwise regression was used to evaluate relationship between outcome and its indicators. RESULTS: The core outcomes identified by the OCV were Tissue Perfusion: Cerebral, Nutritional Status, Neurological Status, and Wound Healing: Primary Intention, whereas highly supportive outcomes identified by the OSV were Oral Health, Self-Care: ADL, and Nutritional Status. All the critical indicators selected for Fehring method were not included in stepwise regression model. By stepwise regression analysis, the indicators explained outcomes from 19% to 52% in importance and from 21% to 45% in contribution. CONCLUSION: This study identified core and supportive outcomes and their indicators which could be useful to assess the physical status of cerebrovascular patients. Further research is needed for the revision and development of nursing outcomes and their indicators at neurological nursing area.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to investigate the survey of analyzing nursing interventions and nursing outcomes of the patients with liver transplantation. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 83 patients and fifteen nurses who took care of them. The methods of this study were retrospective and descriptive survey. RESULT: The mean age of patients was 42.7 years and the subjects were 62.7% males. 56.7% of these patients were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis of B type. The mean duration of hospitalization was 48.6 days. Ninety-five nursing interventions were performed at least daily. The most frequent used interventions were "environmental management: comfort", "medication administration: parenteral", "cough enhancement", and " oxygen therapy". Even though SGOT level to identify nursing outcomes was decreased, SGOT was not within normal limits. Therefore, even after discharge of patients, There is a need to take care of them carefully. CONCLUSION: Conclusion: These findings revealed the significance and need of nurse practitioners who performed professional nursing intervention for the patients with liver transplantation. Especially, it is necessary needs to develop the nursing intervention programs for comfort.

PUPPOSE: This study was conducted to develop nursing outcome indicators based on nursing activities done for stroke patients.
METHOD
focus group meeting and delphi technique, which consisted of clinical nurse experts, neurologist, and nursing professors. CVI(Index of Content Validity) and user validity test was performed.
RESULT
12 nursing diagnoses, 29 nursing interventions and nursing outcomes were identified. The former were from NIC and the latter were developed according to nursing interventions. They were verified by experts in focus group. 199 nursing activities were identified, 133 nursing outcome indicators were developed. In user validity, usefulness and usability were tested.
CONCLUSION
This systemic approach of measuring nursing outcomes verified nurses' positive effects in changing patients health status and nursing contributions in the health care system as a profession.

The purpose of this study was to develop and test the validity of the standardized Korean nomenclature of Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), developed by Johnson &Maas at the University of Iowa. The four phases of the study were: (1) translation of the NOC into Korean by the research team, (2) four nursing professors and eight nurses with various clinical backgrounds reviewed each nomenclature taking into consideration definitions and nursing activities. The modified Delphi method was used to determine the most appropriate nomenclature for each term; (3) Twenty four academic and clinical experts in nursing were given a questionnaire to rate each Korean nomenclature using a 5 point Likert scale ranging from very inappropriate to very appropriate; (4) the team determined the most appropriate Korean nomenclature for each class of the NOC. The mean validity score of 190 items was 4.54, but several nursing outcome had a score lower than 4.0. They included 'adherence behavior(3.3)', 'ambulation : walking(3.57)', 'transfer performance (3.57)', 'caregiving endurance potential(3.57)'.