PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to construct, develop, and apply a nursing information system (NIS) using NANDA-NOC-NIC linkage in medical-surgical nursing units.
METHODS
This study consisted of three phases which were the construction of the database, development of the NIS, and application of the NIS. To construct the database, a questionnaire and nursing record review by an expert group were used. Collected data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 13.0 program.
RESULTS
In first phase, the database was made up of 50 nursing diagnoses, 127 nursing outcomes and 300 nursing interventions. In the second phase, NIS was developed according to its flow diagram and then tested. In the third phase, the developed NIS was applied to 130 inpatients. Nursing diagnoses frequently used were acute pain, delayed surgical recovery, and deficient knowledge (specify). Nursing outcomes for a nursing diagnosis of 'acute pain' were identified as pain control, pain level and comfort level. Nursing interventions for the nursing outcome 'pain control' were pain management, patient controlled analgesia assistance and medication management.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study will facilitate the use of the newly proposed NIS in nursing practice and provide a guideline for evidence-based nursing.

Citations

• Configuring a computer‑based nursing process form to support nursing diagnosis in rural healthcare clinics in Nigeria
  Chinemerem Eleke, Ada C. Nwaner, Joy C. Samuel, Sabinah Ngbala‑Okpabi, Ifeyinwa S. Agu, Damiete M. Amachree, Tex‑Jack Dokuba
  Journal of Public Health in Africa.2023; 14(10): 9.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Nursing Interventions using Standardized Nursing Terminologies: An Integrative Review
  Sena Chae, Hyunkyoung Oh, Sue Moorhead
  Western Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 42(11): 963.     CrossRef
• Identification of Nursing Diagnosis–Outcome–Intervention Linkages for Inpatients in the Obstetrics Department Nursing Unit in South Korea
  Min Ji Yang, Hye Young Kim, Eun Ko, Hyun Kyung Kim
  International Journal of Nursing Knowledge.2019; 30(1): 12.     CrossRef
• Identification of Nursing Diagnosis-Outcome-Intervention Linkages for Inpatients in Gynecology Department Nursing Units
  Min Ji Yang, Hye Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(3): 170.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Nursing Diagnoses Applied to Emergency Room Patients - Using the NANDA Nursing Diagnosis Classification -*
  Young A Kim, Soon Hee Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2015; 22(1): 16.     CrossRef
• Identification of Major Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing Outcomes, and Nursing Interventions (NNN) Linkage for Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
  Su Mi Song, Hyangsook So, Minjeong An
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(4): 413.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of supportive nursing intervention on the anxiety and nursing satisfaction of mothers with children undergoing open-heart surgery.
METHODS
The research design involved a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest non synchronized design. The subjects consisted of 43 mothers of children who were expected to undergo open heart surgery, and were divided into two groups; an experimental group of 22 and a control group of 21. The experiment was administered to the experimental group a total of four times, following supportive nursing intervention protocols. The research tools used were Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory for anxiety and Park Jung-Eun's nursing satisfaction. The data were analyzed using the chi-square-test, and t-test with SPSS/WIN 12.0 program.
RESULTS
Hypothes 1, 'The experimental group who are given supportive nursing intervention will have a lower anxiety score than the control group' was supported(t=5.658, p=.000). Hypothesis 2, 'The experimental group who are given supportive nursing intervention will have a higher nursing satisfaction score than the control gropu wasl supported(t=-9.549, p=.000).
CONCLUSION
The supportive nursing intervention protocol was effective in reducing anxiety and increasing the nursing satisfaction of mothers with children undergoing open-heart surgery.

PURPOSE
This study was performed to understand the perceived importance and performance frequencies of nursing interventions and identify the core and major interventions in oncology units.
METHODS
Questionnaires using 151 nursing interventions were given to 45 nurses. The performance frequency was measured through the database of the nursing process recording system for 1 year.
RESULTS
The perceived importance of the nursing interventions averaged out to be 3.5 among 4 and on average 36.5 times of nursing interventions were performed on each patient. Fifteen core nursing interventions including 'pain management' were identified and they made up 82.7% of the entire performance frequency rate. And 26 interventions including 'drug administration: Amphotericin-B' were identified as major nursing interventions and occupied 10.6% of the entire performance frequency rate.
CONCLUSION
Since the core and the major nursing interventions were identified and these occupied 93.3% of the all nursing interventions, these results can be utilized as baseline data for establishing the guidelines and standards of nursing interventions and providing systematic education for oncology nurses in Korea.

PURPOSE
The purposes of this study were to analyze the core nursing interventions that are used in the medical and surgical units, and to present the basic data that can be applied in clinical fields.
METHOD
The data was collected from 353 nurses of the medical and surgical units from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2005, using the database of nursing process record system used at a tertiary hospital.
RESULTS
190 interventions were performed in the medical units, with 21 core nursing interventions. 198 interventions were performed in the surgical units, with 16 core nursing interventions. There were 11 common core nursing interventions.
CONCLUSION
The results revealed that the ratio of physiological interventions and the interventions related to safety were high. The interventions were classified according to one's field of specialization, together with the common interventions were also being performed. According to the changes in the demands of consumers, there was also increases in the performance of 'pain management' and 'fall prevention.' We expect that this study will allow for the performance of standardized interventions, and that it will be helpful in the role of the experienced nurse, and in the approach to the nursing specialty.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to develop a set of standardized nursing interventions and their associated nursing activities according to the NIC system to guide home care nurses in performing nursing intervention activities for hospice patients.
METHOD
This study was a descriptive survey that first identified frequently used & specialized hospice nursing interventions based on the NIC systems and next validated a set of standardized nursing interventions and their associated nursing activities. One hundred chart records of home hospice patients were used to identify nursing interventions. Also, thirty-nine hospice specialized nurses participated twice using the Delphi technique to test the content validity of the standards.
RESULTS
Among the nursing interventions, 19 important nursing interventions and 418 associated nursing activities were selected after two rounds of Delphi technique by hospice specialized nurses. The mean content validity of the final nursing activities was 0.82. In this paper, only the 3 most frequently used nursing interventions and 3 hospice specialized nursing interventions with their associated nursing activities are presented since space is limited.
CONCLUSION
The nursing intervention standards will be a basis for home hospice nurses to improve quality of hospice care for hospice patients.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to investigate the survey of analyzing nursing interventions and nursing outcomes of the patients with liver transplantation. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 83 patients and fifteen nurses who took care of them. The methods of this study were retrospective and descriptive survey. RESULT: The mean age of patients was 42.7 years and the subjects were 62.7% males. 56.7% of these patients were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis of B type. The mean duration of hospitalization was 48.6 days. Ninety-five nursing interventions were performed at least daily. The most frequent used interventions were "environmental management: comfort", "medication administration: parenteral", "cough enhancement", and " oxygen therapy". Even though SGOT level to identify nursing outcomes was decreased, SGOT was not within normal limits. Therefore, even after discharge of patients, There is a need to take care of them carefully. CONCLUSION: Conclusion: These findings revealed the significance and need of nurse practitioners who performed professional nursing intervention for the patients with liver transplantation. Especially, it is necessary needs to develop the nursing intervention programs for comfort.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was the development of a comprehensive nursing intervention program for the client with acute lymph stasis and stage I lymphedema.
METHOD
The Quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent control group was used. The subjects were 22 stroke patients with lymph stasis in the control group and 23 patients in the experimental group. The complex physical therapy of Casley-Smith was carried out to the control group for 10 hours, and comprehensive nursing intervention for the experimental group was carried out for 60 minutes. The data for this study was gathered from Feb. 2002 until June 2002 and pertains knowledge about lymphedema, self-care for managing lymphedema, and circumferences of affected limbs. Data was analyzed by mean, standard deviation, x2-test, and t-test.
RESULT
The changes in knowledge about lymphedema, self-care practices, and circumference of affected limbs after nursing intervention did not show significant differences between control group and experiment group.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that comprehensive nursing intervention had more efficiency than complex physical therapy in the treatment of edema for stroke patients because of it's simplicity and time saving. Thereby, the comprehensive nursing intervention program developed in this study would be a useful therapy for the clients with lymph stasis and early stage lymphedema.

PURPOSE
This study was performed to validate the linkage between nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions by identifying performance and importance of nursing interventions linked to five NANDA nursing diagnoses.
METHOD
Data was collected from 153 staff and head nurses working in 4 hospitals in K city. The results were analyzed using mean, SD and spearman correlation for ranking correlation.
RESULT
The most importantly considered interventions were Medication Administration (IV) for pain, Pain Management for Constipation, Intravenous (IV) Insertion for Diarrhea, treatment, Vital Sign Monitoring for Hyperthermia, and Vital Sign Monitoring for Infection risk. The most frequently performed interventions was Medication Administration (IV) for Pain, Fluid Management for Constipation, Intravenous (IV) Insertion for Diarrhea, Vital Sign Monitoring for Hyperthermia, and Vital Sign Monitoring for Infection: Risk for. The rank correlations between importance and performance were highest in Diarrhea and lowest in Constipation.
CONCLUSION
The above findings can be used to develop a nursing information system which can be used to facilitate documenting the nursing process, and a nursing information system developed by this research process will ultimately contribute to identifying nurses contribution to patient health.

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to compare symptoms, medical therapies, and nursing interventions with terminal cancer patients during the last four weeks of their lives in a hospice unit and general units.
METHOD
For the descriptive survey study, data were collected by reviewing the medical records of 243 patients who died of terminal cancer at K hospital in Seoul. The data was analyzed by using Chi-square test and t-test.
RESULT
The study findings are summarized as follows: There were higher frequencies in physical symptoms of constipation, itching sensation, pain, sleeping disturbance, soreness and dysuria for those patients in the hospice unit than those patient in general units. All emotional symptoms were recorded significantly higher for those patients in the hospice unit than those in general units. Regarding the major medical interventions, pain management was used more significantly for those patients in the hospice unit, but antibiotic therapy and resuscitation were used more significantly for those patients in general units.
CONCLUSION
The hospice unit provided more comprehensive nursing interventions including psychological, spiritual, and family cares as well as physiological care for terminal cancer patients. The facts showed that those patients who would need hospice care in general units should be referred to the hospice unit at an appropriate time.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on anxiety and depression of the hospice patients.
METHOD
It was devised with a quasi- experimental design using non-equivalent control group pre-post design. The data was from July 10 to September 25 in 2000 at the general hospital in CheonJu city. Subjects were 37 members of the experimental group and 30 members of the control. The tools were used Spielberger's State Anxiety Scale and Zung's Depression Inventory. The spiritual nursing intervention was carried out through Hymn, Scripture, Prayer, the therapeutic ues of self. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, x2-test, t-test.
RESULT
1. After the spiritual nursing intervention, state anxiety of the experimental group was lower than those of the control (t=-5.987, p=0.000). 2. After the spiritual nursing intervention, depression of the experimental group were lower than those of the control (t=-9.128, p=0.000).
CONCLUSION
The hospice patients who were offered spiritual nursing intervention had lower anxiety and depression than not offered it. According to these results, it can be regarded as an effective one that relieved anxiety and depression of the hospice patients.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the selected nursing interventions and to describe the most common nursing interventions used by neurosurgery unit nurses.
METHOD
The data was collected from 65 nurses of 5 general hospitals from Jan. 8, 2001 to Feb. 28, 2001. The instrument for this study was the Korean translation of 486 nursing intervention classifications, developed by MacClosky and Bluecheck in 2000. In the 486 nursing interventions 310 nursing interventions were selected, 8 from among the 10 professional nurses group in the neurosurgery care unit. The 310 nursing interventions were used in a secondary questionnaire. In the secondary questionnaire, all 310 intervention lables and definitions were listed. The data was analysed with SPSS program.
RESULT
The results of this study are as follows. 1.The most frequently used nursing intervention domains were "physiological: complex", "physiological: basic", "Health system", "Behavior", "Safety", "Family". 2.Neurosurgery care unit core nursing interventions were performed several times a day by 50% or more of the Neurosurgery care unit. Neurosurgery core nursing intervention, 5 domain ("physiological: complex", "physiological: basic", "Health system", "Safety", "Behavior"), 16 class, 48 core nursing intervention. The most frequently used Neurosurgery core nursing interventions were Intravenous Therapy, Pressure ulcer prevention, Documentation, Airway suctioning, Medication: intravenous, Pain management, Medication: intramuscular, Shift report, Intravenous insertion, Positioning, Aspiration precaution, Pressure management, Physician support, Pressure ulcer care. 3.Compared with carrier and age of nurses, the more effective nursing interventions were "Family", Compared with the nursing place and the use of nursing interventions of nurses the most effective nursing interventions were "Health system" performed by nurse in university hospital.
CONCLUSION
The purpose of this study was to analysis the nursing intervention performed by neurosurgery unit nurses. This study analyses nursing intervention and core nursing interventions performed by neurosurgery unit nurses. Basis on this study result, neurosurgery nursing interventions will be systematized, and progression of qualitative nursing, data of computerized nusing information system will be utilized.

No abstract available.

The reference study was performed to investigate the nursing importance which was based a theoretical background related to horticultural therapy and to examine the possibility which horticultural therapy was applicable as a nursing intervention through analysis on a preceding study. The research subjects related to the areas of horticultural therapy which related as a nursing intervention, were psychological, physical, environmental, and psycho-social aspects. It is judged that the horticultural therapy is effective in treating depression, emotional disruption or anxiety. It seems to be also effective in increasing the muscular tension and, thereby, expanding the scope of joint movements. Such theories show that horticultural therapy may be a good alternative nursing means. Plants act to create a pleasant interior atmosphere by generating anion, controlling the temperature and humidity and purifying the air, and therefore, the horticultural therapy may be applied to clinic or environmental therapy. When horticultural therapy is used as a nursing intervention, patients' socio-psychological needs may be fulfilled. It has been found that horticultural therapy is instrumental in treating perceptive or emotional disruption, depression, loss of self-respect, disrupted everyday activities and social behaviors. In particular, horticultural therapy seems to be effective in managing chronic patients' crisis or improving life quality. Intervention method applied on a preceding study was activity therapy and scene therapy in the horticultural therapy The above findings suggest that the pro-environmental horticultural therapy is useful as a new paradigm of nursing or holistic nursing conducive to improvement of health. So, it is desirable to prove its effects by applying it in the clinic. In order to apply horticultural therapy as a nursing intervention, it will be necessary to educate nurses on principles and methods of horticultural therapy and encourage them to apply it in nursing and clinics. Moreover, it may well be necessary to develop landscape therapy as nursing intervention as well as a variety of horticultural therapy programs befitting the clinic conditions. On the other hand, we need to provide for some scientific ground for horticultural therapy through continued studies. In this regard, this study which focuses on patients' health improvement through change of environment. may well provide for a framework for such studies.

The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized Nursing Diagnosis/ Intervention Protocol through a literature review and validity testing. Seven nursing diagnoses were selected as major nursing diagnosis in the field of Nutritional and Eliminative problem. The nursing intervention list was made by an expert group's review of Nursing Intervention Classification(NIC) suggested nursing interventions. Nursing activities which were included in each nursing intervention were sorted to follow the nursing intervention process after review and revision. The expert group's validity testing was done twice using the Likert scale. As a result the Nursing Diagnosis/ Intervention Protocol for Nutritional and Eliminative Problems was made to include 7 Nursing Diagnoses, 51 Nursing Interventions and 631 Nursing Activities.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the clients registered in the department of home health care nursing in a hospital and to analyze nursing intervention activities recorded in charts by application of Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) system. For the descriptive survey study, data were collected by reviewing charts of 572 home health care clients between May, 1997 and July, 2000 at K hospital in Seoul. The average age of the clients was 66 years and the number of clients in their 70s ranked first with 28.2 percent(158 people). The mean length of home care service was 47 days with the highest frequency of less than four weeks (56 %). With regard to medical diagnosis, cancer showed the highest frequency (48%, 271 people), followed by cerebrovascular disease (19%), and pulmonary disease (6.9%). According to analysis of nursing interventions by the NIC system, the most frequently used nursing interventions in level 1 were interventions in the Physiological: Complex domain which were used 3,663 times (33%) among 11,107 total interventions. The Safety domain was the second most frequently used intervention, followed by the Physiological: Basic, and the Behavioral domains. In level 2, the Risk Management class was the most frequently used interventions with 3,108 interventions (27.9%), followed by Drug Management, and Tissue Perfusion Management classes. In level 3 interventions, Vital Sign Monitoring was the most frequently used intervention, 569 times (5.1%), followed by Health Screening, and Neurological Monitoring interventions. In sum, half of the clients in the study had cancer and were in their 70s. The most frequent reason for ending home care was death (40%), followed by readmission (28%). These findings represent clients with severe conditions referred to the home care nursing department as it was a University teaching hospital. Further research on analyzing nursing interventions performed in each institution needs to be conducted to develop a standardized list of nursing interventions to use in home health care settings.

A meta-analysis of 13 quasi-experimental studies was conducted to determine the effect of various nursing interventions applied to surgery patients. The studies were selected from dissertations done between 1982 to 1996 and had randomized or nonequivalent control groups in a pretest-post test design. The studies were classified according to three criteria : 1) types of surgery 2) types of nursing interventions 3) types of respondent variables. The following analysis was done : 1) Determination of usefulness of nursing interventions for surgery patients. 2) The magnitude of effect for each study was tested for different types of surgery, nursing interventions and outcome variables. 3) For a group of homogenious studies, the weighted mean effect size and standard error were estimated. Some findings are summarized as follows : Nursing interventions on relaxation effect applied to surgery patients have resulted in a significant effect size on pain, anxiety, and BP stabilization. Relaxation and music therapy were more effective on surgery patients than either education, heat therapy, or purposeful touch. It was impossible to identify which type of surgery was more effected by these interventions. On the basis of these findings, the following recommendations were made : 1) Many studies on the same kind of intervention applied to similar surgery patients should be accumulated continuously to identify factors that affect the effect size. 2) The detailed explanation of research process, such as, assignment method to experimental and control groups, starting points, duration and frequency of nursing interventions, and estimation of the outcome variables should be described in orther to be utilized for further research and practice.