Purpose
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and quality of life after receiving acute treatment is important in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aims to compare the lifestyle and the quality of life of CAD patients with those of healthy people through a propensity-matched comparison.
Methods
This study is a secondary analysis of the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted with 23,657 subjects from 2015 to 2017. A propensity-matched comparison was conducted for 472 CAD patients and 941 healthy individuals using 1:2 matching of nine sociodemographic characteristics. R program version 3.6.2 was used for statistical analysis and an independent t-test was employed to examine the differences between the relevant variables of the two matched groups.
Results
The rate of aerobic physical activity, the levels of quality of life, and the subjective health condition of the CAD patients were significantly lower as compared to the healthy group (p<.001). The degree of perceived stress was higher in patients with CAD than those in the healthy group (p<.001). However, no statistical difference was found in smoking and drinking behavior and body mass index.
Conclusion
This study found that the CAD group's level of physical activity is lower and their emotional health conditions are worse than those of healthy people. Therefore, relevant support, including follow-up intervention programs, is required for CAD patients to prevent secondary adverse cardiac events and to maintain a healthier life.

Citations

• A Case Report of Korean Medicine Treatment for Chest Pain in Variant Angina
  Junghwa Hong, Eun-joo Seok, Youngju Rhee, Jae-hyuk You, Jin-young Lee, Dong-jun Choi, Seong-woo Lim
  The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2024; 45(2): 234.     CrossRef
• Association between Coping Profiles and Cardiac Health Behavior among Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Latent Profile Analysis
  Yesul Lee, Yoonju Lee, Jeong Cheon Choe, Hyesun Jeong, Sunyoung Jung
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(3): 228.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Sleep Disturbance, Physical Activity, and Health-Related Quality of Life According to Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Secondary Analysis from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Using a Prope
  Jungmi Yun, Yunji Lee
  Healthcare.2023; 11(12): 1802.     CrossRef
• Formation of Balloon with Porous Structures in NaCl Vapor Assisted by Amphiphilic Polymer for Stent Delivery System
  Han Chang Lee, Se Kye Park, Hyobin Kim, Dong Yun Choi, Gyu Man Kim, Woojin Kim
  Advanced Materials Technologies.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparison of Coronary Risk Factor and Nutrient Intake Status of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Normal Subjects : Data Obtained from the 2015-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  Hyun Kyung Oh, Ho Kyung Ryu
  The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2022; 33(2): 189.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the effect of revised cardiac rehabilitation Clinical Pathways (CPs) on the Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) participation rate of patients with Myocardial Infarction (MI) undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI).
METHODS
We reviewed the electronic medical record of patients who were referred for CR after MI from July 2015 to December 2016. In April 2016, the patient groups were divided into 9-month periods: pre- and post-CP revision. We reduced the mean number of hospital visits for CR and the wait times before starting CR and the first Cardio Pulmonary Exercise (CPX) test. We added a home-based CR program and reinforced the CR liaison nurse's role. The changes in the CR wait time, mean number of hospital visits post-discharge, and participation rates at 1 and 3 months were investigated.
RESULTS
Ninety-two patients were recruited from July 2015 to March 2016. Twenty-four (26.1%) participated in CR at 1 month, and 11 (12.0%) were maintained up to 3 months. From April 2016 to December 2016, 107 patients were recruited. Sixty-five (60.7%) participated at 1 month, and 38 (35.5%) were maintained up to 3 months. The mean number of hospital visits was 3.5±0.8 versus 1.9±0.9 in the previous and revised CP groups. The average number of days to the first CPX test after MI was 43.4±17.6 versus 26.3±10.6.
CONCLUSION
Following CP revision, the CR participation rate significantly improved among patients with PCI post-MI. CP revision in terms of inter-physician communication and additional nursing interventions should be considered.

Citations

• The content and characteristics of face-to-face interventions to encourage patients’ enrollment in cardiac rehabilitation; a scoping review
  Birgit Rasmussen, Thomas Maribo, Bente Skovsby Toft
  Disability and Rehabilitation.2024; 46(13): 2734.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This comparative descriptive study was to identify gender differences in delay seeking treatment and related experiences in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
METHODS
Ninety-seven participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital.
RESULTS
Mean age of 47 women was 71.5±13.3 while that of men was 55.0±10.9 (p<.001). More women lived alone and were jobless, less educated, and poorer than men. Men were likely to be 'current smokers' and drink alcohol, however viewed themselves healthier than women (p=.030). Women's hospital stay was 9.23±21.04 days while men's was 4.86±2.72 days (p=.014). More women had been diagnosed with hypertension (p=.040). Women appeared to report significantly less pain (6.46±3.1) than men (8.44±1.8). More men described their pain as sudden onset (p=.015) and chest pain as major symptom (p=.034) than women. More women were found alone upon onset of symptoms (p=.023) and had important reasons for delay seeking treatment (p=.021) than men. Median time from onset of symptoms to seeking medical service was 1.5 hours for men and 5.1 hours for women (p=.003). Median time taken from onset of symptoms to hospital for therapy was 3.5 hours for men and 9.1 hours for women (p=.019).
CONCLUSION
This study findings that women reported less pain and delayed in seeking treatment, suggest needs for strategies targeting women at risk of AMI.

Citations

• Predictors of anticipated coping behavior at myocardial infarction symptom onset among a nationwide sample of Korean adults
  Kyong Sil Park
  Epidemiology and Health.2021; 43: e2021006.     CrossRef
• Blood Pressure Awareness and Knowledge of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in South Korean Women with Hypertension
  Yeo Won Jeong
  Healthcare.2021; 9(3): 360.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to understand and describe the every day life experience of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during the recovery period after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) using a qualitative approach.
METHODS
Twelve patients with AMI participated in this study. Their age ranged from 42 to 75. The data were collected by individual in-depth interviews and all interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The transcribed data were analyzed using traditional qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS
Six sub-themes emerged from the data as follows: Getting to know about illness, getting motivated for health behavior, putting an effort into health behavioral change, having difficulties maintaining health behavior, setting up coping strategies for health behavior and having a need for a tailored education. The results of this study showed how the health behaviors of patients with AMI are related to their every day life experiences.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study could help health professionals to better understand patients with AMI and design effective educational interventions to improve their health behaviors.

Citations

• The Relationship among Death Anxiety, Knowledge and Attitudes toward Advance Directives in Middle-Aged Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
  Mi Young Suh, Jeong Sun Kim
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2021; 23(3): 226.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing health behavior practice in patients with coronary artery diseases
  Ho Gi Jung, Ya Ki Yang
  Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Lifestyle and Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Propensity-Matched Comparison with a Healthy Control Group
  Seong Hui Choi, Seon Young Hwang
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(2): 199.     CrossRef
• A Health Behavior Prediction Model for Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
  Jiyoung Kim, Oksoo Kim
  Clinical Nursing Research.2019; 28(2): 217.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was designed to identify meaningful themes related to the recognition of lifestyle risk factors and barriers in seeking treatment following an acute event of first-time acute myocardial infarction.
METHODS
A methodological mixed method of thematic content analysis and a quantitative analysis was used. The sample consisted of 120 male patients < 65 years of age who agreed to be in the study were interviewed using a semi-structured during 2008-2009. Data were analyzed according to the procedure of thematic content analysis and the meaningful themes were coded into SPSS data for quantitative analysis.
RESULTS
Pre-hospital delay greater than three hours reported by 58.3% (n=70) of the sample and similarly 63.3% had no recognition about their symptoms as cardiac in origin. The mean number of risk factors was 3.9+/-1.8 out of 11 when lifestyle and psychosocial factors were included. From the interview data among the 70 patients delayed greater than three hours, thirty-five themes categorized into 12 main themes influenced the delayed decision which was identified according to personal-cognitive, socio-cultural, and contextual factors.
CONCLUSION
Health care providers should consider these themes in designing individual interventions to make lifestyle changes and to facilitate more prompt decisions to seek care.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the cardiac rehabilitation program (Phase III) on cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory function in the elderly (age, > or = 60) who experienced acute myocardial infarction.
METHODS
The design of research was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Subjects were 10 people in the experimental group and 10 in the control group. The intervention program was the cardiac rehabilitation program (Phase III), and was performed for 50 ~ 60 minutes, twice a week for 8 weeks. The dependent variables were the cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory function.
RESULTS
Significant differences were shown in RHR, RSBP, SRPP, SBS, BMI, PT of the experimental group after the intervention. As for the differences in the amount of changes, there were differences among groups in RHR, RSBP, SRPP, SBS, PMET, and PT of the experimental group.
CONCLUSION
The cardiac rehabilitation program (Phase III) may be effective in improving cardiovascular function and enhancing cardiorespiratory function in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to discover the recovery process of those having had myocardial infarction.
METHODS
15 participants with myocardial infarction were recruited by theoretical sampling methods. The data were retrieved through in depth interview, participant observation, and medical records of the patients. Collected data were analyzed through grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin(1998).
RESULTS
63 concepts, 27 subcategories, and 11 categories were deduced from the open coding process. The recovery process of myocardial infarction showed to be a process of 'Controling healthy track', and chronological recovery process was a four-step process of recognizing disruption of healthy track, making efforts for controlling the disrupted healthy track, reconstructing the new healthy track, and adapting to the new healthy track phase. 'Controling healthy track' had three types of self-initiation, contention of reality, and fateful acceptance.
CONCLUSION
The results provided basic information for nursing intervention strategies depending on 'Controling healthy track' process by each phase and different types.

PURPOSE
This study was to explore gender differences on presenting patients with acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department.
METHODS
The survey was done with 143 emergency medical charts presented to the emergency department and diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction between January 2005 and December 2006. The collected data were analyzed with frequency, chi-square, and t-test.
RESULTS
Significant gender differences were apparent in age, route to the emergency department, elapsed time from onset of symptoms to arrival, and initial heart rate. Women were significantly more likely to report hypertension, diabetes, and congestive heart failure than men, but men were significantly more likely to report smoking. Chest pain was the most common initial symptom in both men and women. Women were significantly more likely to report dyspnea and nausea/vomiting than men.
CONCLUSION
Although similarities exist in the associated symptoms of acute myocardial infarction, women might experience different symptoms, compared to men. These findings have implication that patients and health care providers should consider gender difference in presenting symptoms.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program for patients with myocardial infarction.
METHOD
The subjects were 45 myocardial infarction patients(22 for experimental group and 23 for the control group). Data were collected through questionnaire survey, blood test, and the treadmill test, between October 1, 1999 and December 31, 2000. As for data analyses, paired and unpaired t-test and x2 test were adopted using the SAS program.
RESULT
1. The post-test revealed that increase in compliance score of health behavior was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. 2. The increase in HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group, in the post-test. 3. The experimental group showed significantly higher duration of exercise time and maximal METs than the control group after the program.
CONCLUSION
The above findings indicate that a cardiac rehabilitation program was effective in increasing compliance of health behaviors, serum HDL cholesterol level, duration of exercise time, and maximal METs in patients with myocardial infarction. Accordingly, we can adopt the individualized cardiac rehabilitation programs as a nursing intervention.

PURPOSE
This study purposed to examine the disease-related knowledge level and compliance with good health behavior in patients with myocardial infarction according to the atherosclerotic risk factors.
METHOD
The subjects consisted of 72 patients with myocardial infarction and the data were collected by interviewing the subjects with questionnaires and reviewing their medical records from September, 15, 1999 to July 31, 2000. Data were analyzed using the SAS program.
RESULTS
1) With regard to atherosclerotic risk factors: of the subjects, 91.7% lacked regular exercise, followed by smoking (61.1%). 2) The average knowledge score of the patients was 19.7 and the average compliance score was 53.9. 3) There were no significant differences in the total knowledge scores according to the patients' atherosclerotic risk factors. 4) Non-diabetics were significantly higher in knowledge scores on domain of risk factors than the diabetics. 5) The overweight patients were significantly higher in knowledge score on domain of nature of disease than the normal-weight patients. 6) The total compliance scores of the non-smokers were significantly higher than those of the smokers. 7) The total compliance scores of the patients who do regular exercise were significantly higher than those of the patients who forgo regular exercise. 8) The non-smokers were significantly higher in compliance scores on domain of diet than the smokers. 9) The diabetic patients were significantly higher in compliance scores on domain of smoking cessation than the non-diabetics. 10) Patients who do regular exercise were significantly higher in compliance scores on other domains than the patients who forgo regular exercise.
CONCLUSION
According to the above findings, it can be concluded that intensive nursing care and education should be provided to patients who have atherosclerotic risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, over weight, or hypercholesterolemia to increase disease related knowledge level and to improve compliance with good health behavior.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of situational, clinical and psychsoical factors on treatment-seeking behavior among those with acute myocardial infarction(AMI). This study used a retrospective, descriptive design. The sample consisted of 72 patients aged over 30 and who were diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction at two large university-affiliated medical centers from July 1, 1998 to March 30, 2000. But of 72, patients 5 who were an outlier in treatment-seeking time were deleted. Data were collected by using questionnaires, which included demographic data, situational, clinical and psychosocial data. Also patient interviews and chart review were used to obtain information related to treatment-seeking time. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. Mean time from the onset of AMI symptoms to arrival at the hospital was 12.09 +/- 11.44 hours; 2. Treatment-seeking time was not significantly different by age, gender, or education; 3. Most(44 or 65.78%) patients were at home when they began having AMI symptoms. The remaining patients were either in a public area, workplace or in a car. Patients at home delayed longer than those who had their first symptoms elsewhere, but not significantly different. Also, most patients were with another person when they began to experience AMI symptoms: a spouse(25 or 37.3%), other family member(31 or 46.3%); the remaining 11 were alone. There were no significant differences in treatment-seeking time based on whether alone or with others. Most patients(46 or 68.7%) used an ambulance rather than taking private transportation, and patients who used an ambulance were delayed longer than those who used private transportation, but there were no significant differences; 4. Time to treatment-seeking was not significantly different by blood pressure, heart rate on admission and the peak CK-MB, CPK and Cholesterol level, Killips class; 5. There were no significant statistical differences in treament-seeking times by anxiety level, mood status or control ability.