PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to review and identify factors relevant to workplace bullying in nursing.
METHODS
Twenty-three studies that met the criteria were selected from a sample of twenty-six studies. These articles were retrieved from a central literature databases (N=13,241). The total correlational effect size (ESr) for each related factor was calculated from Fisher's Zr. A funnel plot inspection (similar to scatter plot) with a trim-and-fill method was used to assess the publication bias of the meta-analyzed studies.
RESULTS
From the systematic review, fifty-one factors were identified as having an influencing effect. Fourteen factors (five individual and nine organizational factors) were eligible for meta-analysis. The individual factors included, self-esteem (ESr=-.31), psychological capital (ESr=-.26), and marital status (ESr=-.06) which were significantly correlated with workplace bullying. Organizational factors included, organizational tolerance (ESr=.48), supervisor incivility (ESr=.47), job stress (ESr=.46), group morale (ESr=-.36), group support (ESr=-.35), supervisor leadership (ESr=-.35), group identity (ESr=-.33), and structural empowerment (ESr=-.27). These factors were significantly correlated with workplace bullying. There were no publication biases except for both individual and organizational factors.
CONCLUSION
Organizational factors have more of an greater impact than individual factors on workplace bullying. The results of this study support the need for intervention at the organizational level.

Citations

• Interventions against bullying at work: a meta-analysis
  Alfredo Rodríguez-Muñoz, Alejandro Díaz-Guerra, Mirko Antino, William Fernando Duran, Iván Sánchez
  Work & Stress.2025; 39(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Global prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence against nursing students: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
  Farouq Bin Mohamed Mohamed, Ling Jie Cheng, Xiang Er Cherrie Chia, Hannele Turunen, Hong-Gu He
  Aggression and Violent Behavior.2024; 75: 101907.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of cognitive rehearsal programs for the prevention of workplace bullying among hospital nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Yulliana Jeong, Hye Sun Jung, Eun Mi Baek
  BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Hospital Nurses’ Workplace Bullying Experiences Focusing on Meritocracy Belief, Emotional Intelligence, and Organizational Culture: A Cross‐Sectional Study
  Insil Jang, Sun Joo Jang, Sun Ju Chang, Miyuki Takase
  Journal of Nursing Management.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between Workplace Bullying, Job Stress, and Professional Quality of Life in Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Petros Galanis, Ioannis Moisoglou, Aglaia Katsiroumpa, Maria Mastrogianni
  Healthcare.2024; 12(6): 623.     CrossRef
• Intervention types and their effects on workplace bullying among nurses: A systematic review
  Sun Joo Jang, Youn‐Jung Son, Haeyoung Lee
  Journal of Nursing Management.2022; 30(6): 1788.     CrossRef
• Empirical Analysis With Legislative Solutions of Workplace Cyberbullying
  Muhammad Danyal Khan, Muhammad Daniyal, Ali Hassan, Muhammad Arif Saeed, Kassim Tawiah
  International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning.2022; 12(1): 1.     CrossRef
• The Experience of Clinical Nurses after Korea’s Enactment of Workplace Anti-Bullying Legislation: A Phenomenological Study
  Hee-Sun Kim, In-Ok Sim
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(11): 5711.     CrossRef
• PROFESSIONAL HARASSMENT AT A HOSPITAL SETTING
  KARIM KARISHMA
  i-manager’s Journal on Nursing.2021; 11(1): 43.     CrossRef
• Nursing students' experiences of violence and aggression: A mixed-methods study
  Nutmeg Hallett, Chris Wagstaff, Tony Barlow
  Nurse Education Today.2021; 105: 105024.     CrossRef
• A Topic Modeling Analysis for Online News Article Comments on Nurses' Workplace Bullying
  Jiyeon Kang, Soogyeong Kim, Seungkook Roh
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(6): 736.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Nursing Organizational Culture, Work Performance and Workplace Bullying Type on Workplace Bullying Consequence of Nurses
  Ga Yeon Jeong, Hyun Jung Jang
  Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2019; 25(4): 424.     CrossRef
• Effects of nursing organisational culture on face‐to‐face bullying and cyberbullying in the workplace
  JeongSil Choi, Mijeong Park
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2019; 28(13-14): 2577.     CrossRef
• Response Patterns of Nursing Unit Managers regarding Workplace Bullying: A Q Methodology Approach
  Jin Kyu Choi, Byoungsook Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(5): 562.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Interventions for Workplace Bullying among Nurses: A Systematic Review
  Sun-young Park, Hana Shin, Yeuok Cho, Sue Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2018; 24(4): 339.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional support, gastric residual volume, and nutritional status of the intensive care unit (ICU) patients on enteral feeding.
METHODS
A descriptive longitudinal design was used to collect 5 day data on enteral nutrition of 52 ICU patients in an university hospital. Nutritional support was calculated with actual caloric intake compared to individual caloric requirement. Residual volumes were measured prior to routine feedings, and the serum albumin levels and the total lymphocyte counts were checked to evaluate nutritional status. The data were analyzed using one group repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-test, and Spearman's bivariate correlation analysis.
RESULTS
The subjects received their first enteral feeding on the 5.75th day of ICU admission. The mean nutritional support rate was 49.1% of the requirement, however prescription rate and support rate were increased as time goes by. Gastric residual volumes were less than 10 cc in 95% cases. A significant negative correlation was found between nutritional support and nutritional status.
CONCLUSION
The nutritional support for ICU patient was low compared to the requirement, and their nutritional status was worse than at the time of ICU admission. Further studies are necessary to develop nursing interventions for improving nutritional support for ICU patients.

Citations

• Comparison of the nutritional indicators of critically Ill patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygen (ECMO)
  Nah-Mee Shin, Suk Yeon Ha, Yoon Soo Cho
  Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(5): 489.     CrossRef
• The effect of nutritional supply on clinical outcomes and nutritional status in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy
  Ju Yeun Kim, Ji-Myung Kim, Yuri Kim
  Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(3): 211.     CrossRef