Purpose
This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among older adults living in nonsubsidized Residential Care Homes (RCHs). Methods: Face-to-face interviews and assessments were conducted in a convenience sample of 298 older adults (aged 65 years or older) residing in nonsubsidized RCHs in Hong Kong in January 2015. Subjects who ate by mouth (with or without assistance) and who had no communication barriers were included. We employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design according to the STROBE reporting guidelines. Data were collected on participants' demographics, history of chronic illness, physical function (assessed by the 10-item Simplified Barthel Index with the self-care ability and mobility subscales), cognitive function (assessed by the 10-item Abbreviated Mental Test), and nutritional status (assessed by the 18-item Mini Nutritional Assessment). After identifying the variables associated with undernutrition, hierarchical multivariate logistic regression was used to identify salient predictors. Results: In total, 40.9% of participants had undernutrition, which was associated with a longer length of stay in RCHs and poorer physical and cognitive functions compared to adequate nutrition or being at risk of undernutrition. Hierarchical multivariate logistic regression showed that residents with better cognitive function (adjusted Odds Ratio [OR]=0.88) and self-care ability (adjusted OR=0.75) were at a lower risk of undernutrition. Conclusion: Undernutrition is prevalent among residents in RCHs in Hong Kong and poses a significant risk of cognitive impairment and poor self-care skills. To lessen the likelihood and the consequences of undernutrition, RCHs must give special consideration to residents with these risk factors.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and to identify factors affecting malnutrition in hemodialysis patients.
METHODS
Data were collected from a convenience sample of 125 hemodialysis patients who agreed to participate in the study, between August 1 and October 4, 2014. Five structured questionnaires were used: Patient-generated Subjective Global Assessment, Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire, Self-rating Depression Scale, Fatigue Scale, and Family Support Scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2-test, and stepwise multiple regression analysis by using SPSS/WIN 22.0 program.
RESULTS
Of 125 patients, 30.4% were found to be malnourished. Malnutrition was related to age, family household income, depression, fatigue, social support, appetite, and levels of C-reactive protein and serum albumin. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that appetite, C-reactive protein level, fatigue, and albumin level were significant factors affecting malnutrition in hemodialysis patients.
CONCLUSION
Regular and consistent nutritional assessment is essential in hemodialysis patients. Nurses who care for hemodialysis patients need to consider the factors identified from these findings when assessing their patients' nutritional status and needs.

Citations

• Factors Affecting Hyperphosphatemia in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis
  Jihyun Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(2): 247.     CrossRef
• A health‐related quality of life model for patients undergoing haemodialysis
  Hye Min Jung, Hye Young Kim
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2020; 29(3-4): 613.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Psychosocial Adjustment in Hemodialysis Patients
  Kang Sun Lee, Hye Young Kim, Myung Ha Lee
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(1): 38.     CrossRef
• Factors related to malnutrition in community‐dwelling patients with schizophrenia
  Sung Reul Kim, Ji Young Kim, Hye Young Kim, Ju‐Hee Nho, Young Hwa Kim, So‐Young Min
  Perspectives in Psychiatric Care.2019; 55(3): 415.     CrossRef
• Comparison Between Semi-Quantitative Frequency Methods and 7-day Dietary Records Methods in Food and Nutrition Intake Status For Hemodialysis Patients
  Dong-Ryeol Ryu, Jung-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Jung Kim, Min-Sook Kyung, Jung-Tak Park
  Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(5): 426.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was to examine the reliability and validity of Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) as a nutritional measurement for stroke patients.
METHODS
This was a methodological study performed from May 6 to June 10, 2009 at a tertiary university hospital in Seoul. For reliability of PG-SGA, inter-rater reliability was used for statistics. For concurrent validity, BMI and biomarkers were compared between PG-SGA 0 ~ 8 and > or = 9. In addition, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of PG-SGA compared with SGA were calculated using a contingency table. For predictive validity, hospital day, complications, and readmission within 1-month after discharge were compared between PG-SGA 0 ~ 8 and > or = 9.
RESULTS
Correlation of PG-SGA score between two observers was 0.83, and kappa value for the agreement of severe malnutrition was 0.78(all p(s) < .001). The scored PG-SGA showed high sensitivity and specificity (100% and 96.7%, respectively). Severe undernourished patients (PG-SGA > or = 9) had significantly low TLC, protein, albumin, and prealbumin (all p(s) < .01) compared with non-undernourished patients (PG-SGA 0 ~ 8). Also, in severe undernourished patients, complications and readmission (all p(s) = 0.01) were more often represented, and hospital days (p = .013) were significantly delayed.
CONCLUSION
PG-SGA is a reliable and valid measurement to assess nutritional status for stroke patients.