PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to develop evidence-based nursing practice guidelines for cold application in adult care.
METHODS
The study procedure was based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network and Korean Hospital Nurses Association's guideline development methods. The evidence review procedures included targeted searches from databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, KoreaMed, KERIS and NDSL. The initial search yielded 6,426 articles published from 2006 to 2016. Based on the screening process, 147 articles were selected and systematically reviewed. From evidence summaries of 20 clinical questions, recommendations were formulated and graded. Draft recommendation were evaluated through external review.
RESULTS
The guidelines consisted of 10 domains and 27 recommendations. The content validity index of the recommendations was above .80. Major recommendations include 1) applying external cooling to reduce acute pain, edema, and hemorrhage, 2) selecting cooling instruments based on the purpose, patient's condition, and preference, 3) preparing and maintaining cooling instruments at an adequate temperature, and 4) intermittent cold application for appropriate durations with sufficient recovery time.
CONCLUSION
These guidelines can be utilized in both clinical and community settings to help narrow the gaps between nursing practices.

Citations

• Effects of a thermoelectric element tourniquet on venipuncture pain and stress relief in Korea: a randomized controlled trial
  Tae Jung Lee, Jihoo Her, Myung-Haeng Hur
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2025; 27(2): 179.     CrossRef
• Thermoelectric tourniquet–assisted thermotherapy and cryotherapy for pain, regional blood flow, and satisfaction with intravenous injections among hospitalized patients in Korea: a randomized controlled trial
  Seon-Mi Lee, Myung-Haeng Hur
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(4): 323.     CrossRef
• Cryoanalgesia for Reducing Unconscious Patients’ Pain During Arterial Puncture
  Sara Elsayed Hegazy, Hend Elsayed Mansour, Alexandra Hare, Nahed Attia Kandeel
  Critical Care Nursing Quarterly.2024; 47(4): 370.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness and methods of cryotherapy in reducing swelling after total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review on randomized controlled trials
  Yoonyoung Lee, Yong Soon Shin, Hyun Jung Kim, Jiwon An
  Nursing Open.2023; 10(9): 5989.     CrossRef
• The effect of cold application on episiotomy pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
  Ayça Şolt Kırca, Sevda Korkut Öksüz, Naci Murat
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2022; 31(5-6): 559.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Thermoelectric Element Band on Venipuncture-associated Pain and Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Myung-Haeng Hur, Hee-Soo Choi
  Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(5): 337.     CrossRef
• The effects of cryotherapy on perineal pain after childbirth: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Hyun-Jung Kim, Ji-Won An, Yoonyoung Lee, Yong-Soon Shin
  Midwifery.2020; 89: 102788.     CrossRef
• Effects of Localized Heating on Pain, Skin Perfusion, and Wound Healing After Lumbar Decompression
  Jeoung Hee Kim, Yong Soon Shin
  Journal of Neuroscience Nursing.2020; 52(5): 251.     CrossRef
• Critical Review I to Standardize the Textbooks of Fundamentals of Nursing: Vital Sign Assessment, Body Temperature Regulation, Oxygenation
  YunHee Shin, Seung Kyo Chaung, Hyun-Ju Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2019; 26(4): 282.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was designed to develop, to implement and evaluate a fever management nursing protocol for adult patients.
METHODS
This study was conducted through seven steps following both the guideline development procedures of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network and the Model of the Asan Medical Center Evidence-Based Practice, as follows: 1) identifying the clinical needs and composition of the protocol development group; 2) identifying and evaluating the evidence; 3) assessing the level of evidence and grading recommendations; 4) forming a protocol; 5) evaluating the protocol using an expert group validity test and identifying barriers to its implementation; 6) protocol development; and 7) evaluation of practical improvement measures following implementation of the protocol.
RESULTS
The evidence-based protocol for fever management in adult patients was completed and includes five domains and 15 items. The protocol had good content validity (CVI=.90) and nursing practice could be improved after implementation of the protocol.
CONCLUSION
This nursing protocol can be used as a guide for nursing in febrile adult patients. We recommend that further guidelines be updated in an interdisciplinary manner in order to foster local adaptation of the best clinical practices.

Citations

• Comparison of Clinical Outcomes between Rebound Hyperthermia and Non-Rebound Hypertherma Groups in Postcardiac Arrest Syndrome Patients Undergoing Targeted Temperature Management
  Ha Na Rhee, Jeong Yun Park
  Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2023; 16(3): 99.     CrossRef
• Development and Effectiveness of Practice Application Program of Intravenous Infusion Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Guideline - for Small and Medium Sized Hospitals
  Inhwa Hong, Young Eun
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(6): 863.     CrossRef
• Performance and Influencing Factors of Evidence‐Based Pressure Ulcer Care Among Acute Care Hospital Nurses
  Ji‐Kyo Kim, Sung‐Hee Yoo, Ju‐Hee Nho, Jae‐Kyun Ju
  Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing.2019; 16(1): 29.     CrossRef
• Critical Review I to Standardize the Textbooks of Fundamentals of Nursing: Vital Sign Assessment, Body Temperature Regulation, Oxygenation
  YunHee Shin, Seung Kyo Chaung, Hyun-Ju Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2019; 26(4): 282.     CrossRef
• Tepid massage for febrile children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
  Junghee Lim, Juyoung Kim, Bora Moon, Gaeun Kim
  International Journal of Nursing Practice.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Schools’ Response to MERS(MERS-CoV) Outbreak: Schools’ Discretionary Response in Absence of Control Tower
  In Sook Lee, Jae Hee Yoon, Eun Joo Hong, Chae Yoon Kim
  Journal of the Korean Society of School Health.2015; 28(3): 188.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of gum chewing temporalis muscle exercise on masticatory discomforts after craniotomy.
METHODS
Data collection was performed from July 10 to October 24, 2008. Forty participants who were treated with elective craniotomy were enrolled in this study. Twenty participants in the exercise group were given a gum chewing exercise protocol for five days and twenty participants in the control group received usual postoperative care only. All the participants were examined on the first, third and fifth postoperative day regarding the masticatory pain score, mouth opening range, and satisfaction with mastication. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, chi2-test and repeated measures ANOVA.
RESULTS
Masticatory pain of experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (p<.001). Mouth opening range and satisfaction with mastication of experimental group were significantly improved in experimental group compared with the control group (p<.001).
CONCLUSION
The gum chewing temporalis muscle exercise after craniotomy is a useful intervention to reduce masticatory pain and to improve mouth opening range, recovery rate of mouth opening range and satisfaction with mastication.

The purpose of the study is to research the side effects of chemotherapy which are experienced by cancer patients, theirself-care behaviors to manage the side effect symptoms, and to for provide the fundamental knowledge basis for nursing intervention and self-care education. The subjects were 15 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in 2 university hospitals. The side effects and self-care behaviors were categorized into 7 themes. 1) First theme Patients experienced nausea, vomiting, alteration in appetite, constipation, diarrhea, and indigestion. Patients used emetics, ate sweets, fruits, drank alcohol and cold veberages to deal with nausea and vomiting. They took their favorites, and yogurt and medicine, and an easily digestible diet to decrease the side effects on digestive function. 2) Second theme Patients experienced oral-dryness & stomatitis. Patients consumed water, candy a warm food and various beverages. 3) Third theme, To cope with changed sense of taste, patient ate their favorite foods, and to help offset alteration in tactile sense they used massage. Concerning changed sensitivity to decreased temperature, ultraviolet treatment and various means of keeping warm were used. To deal with the changed sense of smell and hearing, they avoided noise and bad odors as much as possible. 4) Fourth theme Patients experienced discoloured skin and alopecia. Patients wore appropriate clothes to hide it. To deal with alopecia, they used hats, head kerchief, and positive thinking. 5) Fifth theme Patients experienced weight loss, URI symptoms, fatigue, pain, insomnia and they took various food health products, medicines, and naps. 6) Sixth theme Patients experienced musculoskeletal changes and decreased amounts and range of activities. They did self-care behaviors such as taking baths, exercising etc. 7) Seventh theme Patients felt varing level of anxiety and for this they had fellowship with support companies and used religion, self-control, and positive thinking. From the above research, it can be concluded that : Patients used self-care behaviors which were not proved in effectiveness and education for the prevention and management of the related side effects of chemotherapy was not effective, either.