Purpose
This study aimed to identify sex-specific predictors of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recognizing sex-based differences in risk factors may facilitate the early detection and prevention of diabetic kidney disease. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g. Multivariable complex sample logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for male and female. Independent variables included age, duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), TG, HDL-C, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Results: The prevalence of microalbuminuria was higher in male than in female. In both sexes, longer diabetes duration and elevated SBP were associated with microalbuminuria. Among male, FBS, TG/HDL-C ratio, TG, and low HDL-C were significant predictors. In female, HbA1c showed the strongest association, followed by age and diabetes duration. Conclusion: Sex-specific differences were identified in the predictors of microalbuminuria among patients with type 2 diabetes. Incorporating these differences into early screening and individualized care strategies may help improve the prevention of diabetic kidney complications.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to examine factors influencing glycemic control among type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients using data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2015).
METHODS
The subjects were 1,181 patients aged 30 years and older who were diagnosed with T2DM. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values: good Glycemic Control Group (good GCT, HbA1c<7%), insufficient GCT (7≤HbA1c <8%), and poor GCT (8%≥HbA1c). Multivariate multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association of socio-demographic, diabetes-related, health status, weight control, health behavior, and psychological factors with glycemic control among T2DM patients.
RESULTS
The patients were distributed as follows: 44.1% in the good GCT, 29.1% in the insufficient GCT, and 26.8% in the poor GCT. In the insufficient GCT, DM duration, DM treatment, weight change, and smoking were significant factors influencing glycemic control with T2DM. In the poor GCT, age, DM duration, DM treatment, and hypertension were significant factors influencing glycemic control with T2DM.
CONCLUSION
Strategies for the insufficient GCT should include intensive glucose control interventions for patients with DM for over 1 year, combined therapy of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin. In addition, it is necessary to actively perform nursing interventions for weight loss. Strategies for the poor GCT should include intensive glucose control interventions for younger age groups, more than 5 years of DM, combined therapy of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin, and those without hypertension.

Citations

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