PURPOSE
This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis designed to investigate the variables related to burden of caregivers of people with dementia living at home.
METHODS
In total, 24 studies were identified through a systematic review and 11 studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. EMBASE, MEDLINE (Ovid-MEDLINE, Pubmed) and several Korean databases were searched until April 2018. ‘R 3.5.1’ version was used to analyze the correlated effect sizes.
RESULTS
According to the results, variables related to caregivers' burden were categorized into factors related to patients and factors related to family caregivers. The effect sizes of correlations between factors associated with patients and caregivers' burden were as follows: problematic behavior & cognition (memory) (.42), problematic behavior (.37), cognition (memory) (.35), stage of dementia (.31), and ability to perform daily life functions (−.27). Factors associated with family caregivers correlated with caregiver burden as follows: health status (−.40), relation (.33), education (.25), time of caring (.24), income (−.21), age (.20), job (−.17), duration of caring (.15), and religion (.14).
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings, family caregiver needs to preferentialy try to manage problematic behavior & cognition (memory) of dementia and health professionals need to provide comprehensive nursing interventions to improve health for patients with dementia but also family caregivers.

Citations

• Exploring Family Caregiver Burden Using the Ecological Model: Insights From Thailand's Older Population
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• Allocation‐routing problem in a multi‐hospital home hospitalization system: the case of a healthcare provider in Portugal
  Valentina Bonomi, Maria Lopes, Daniel Rebelo Santos, Renata Mansini, Ana Paula Barbosa‐Pòvoa
  International Transactions in Operational Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors influencing the care burden among family caregivers using dementia care centers for older adults with dementia in Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive study
  Ja Eun Kim, Soo Jin Lee
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(4): 382.     CrossRef
• Resilience of Family Caregivers of People With Dementia in South Korea: A Scoping Review
  Hyun‐Ju Seo, Song‐I Park, Min‐Jung Choi, Il‐Han Choo, Jeong‐Hwan Park
  International Journal of Older People Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Mason Caregivers Aiming for Resilience, Empowerment, and Support Study: Assessing Family Caregiver Burden Post-Intervention
  Gilbert Gimm, Shannon Layman, Megumi Inoue, Emily S. Ihara, Harveen Pantleay, Catherine J. Tompkins
  Journal of Applied Gerontology.2024; 43(9): 1274.     CrossRef
• The Relationships between Caregiver Burden, Physical Frailty, Race, Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms (BPSD), and Other Associated Variables: An Exploratory Study
  Carl I. Cohen, Saeed Hashem, Kay Thwe Kyaw, Sharon A. Brangman, Suzanne Fields, Bruce R. Troen, Michael Reinhardt
  Medicina.2024; 60(3): 426.     CrossRef
• Exploring Factors Influencing Caregiver Burden: A Systematic Review of Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Chronic Illness in Local Communities
  Jin Young Choi, Seon Heui Lee, Soyoung Yu
  Healthcare.2024; 12(10): 1002.     CrossRef
• CBD Oil as a Miracle Drug: A Thematic Analysis of Caregivers’ Attitudes and Practices Towards Cannabidiol in Dementia Treatment
  Urszula Kłosińska, Magdalena Leszko
  Journal of Drug Issues.2024; 54(1): 38.     CrossRef
• The Lived Experience of Informal Caregivers of People Who Have Severe Mental Illness and Coexisting Long‐Term Conditions: A Qualitative Study
  C. Carswell, J. V. E. Brown, D. Shiers, R. Ajjan, A. Balogun‐Katung, S. Bellass, R. I. G. Holt, R. Jacobs, I. Kellar, C. Lewisohn, J. Lister, N. Siddiqi, I. Sidorova, P. Coventry
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  Ae Kyung Chang, Bo kyoung Kim, Ah Young Kim
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  Young Ju Oh, Myung Ha Lee, Hee Sun Kim
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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify registered nurses learning needs about physical assessment. Specifically, what are the perceived competency, frequency of skill use and the unmet training needs.
METHODS
The study was an exploratory survey study. The sample was 104 registered nurses. Data were collected through three instruments: The Perceived Competency in Physical Assessment Scale, the Frequency of Physical Assessment Scale, and the Training Needs of Physical Assessment Scale which incorporated 30 core physical assessment skills. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
Auscultation of heart and lung sounds and inspection of the spine were rated by the subjects as physical assessment skills they feel least competent and also were less frequently performed. The most competent area for physical assessment was neurological system. The respiratory and abdominal system was identified as two systems that more education would be needed. Nurses with less than one year of working experience reported needing more training. Nurses with more than five years of clinical work experience performed physical assessment more frequently than nurses with less than five year of work experience. The perceived competency was positively related to the frequency of physical assessment.
CONCLUSION
Continuing education is necessary to further train registered nurses regarding physical assessment skills and the program needs to be focused on the area which nurses are less competent for and have high training need.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the predictive ability of three mortality scoring systems; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) III, Simplified Acute Physiology Score(SAPS) II, and Mortality Probability Model(MPM) II in discriminating in-hospital mortality for intensive care unit(ICU) patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients admitted to the ICU at a university hospital in Daejeon Korea were recruited for this study. Medical records of the subject were reviewed by a researcher from January 1, 2003 to March 31, 2004, retrospectively. Data were analyzed using SAS 8.1. General characteristic of the subjects were analyzed for frequency and percentage. RESULTS: The results of this study were summarized as follows. The values of the Hosmer-Lemeshow's goodness-of-fit test for the APACHE III, the SAPS II and the MPM II were chi-square H=4.3849 p=0.7345, chi-square H= 15.4491 p=0.0307, and chi-square H=0.3356 p=0.8455, respectively. Thus, The calibration of the MPM II found to be the best scoring system, followed by APACHE III. For ROC curve analysis, the areas under the curves of APACHE III, SAPS II, and MPM II were 0.934, 0.918 and 0.813, respectively. Thus, the discrimination of three scoring systems were satisfactory. For two-by-two decision matrices with a decision criterion of 0.5, the correct classification of three scoring systems were good. CONCLUSION: Both the APACHE III and the MPM II had an excellent power of mortality prediction and discrimination for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients in ICU.