PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify on the perceptions of family care-givers toward use of physical restraints according to their values, beliefs, and perceptions using Q methodology.
METHODS
Thirty-three family care-givers classified 41 selected Q-statements into 9 points standard. The obtained data were analyzed by using a pc QUANL program.
RESULTS
Principal component analysis identified 4types of the perceptions of family care-givers toward the use of physical restraints. Type I is 'Rational accepted', which means that they perceived the restraints are essential therapeutic devices and had cooperative attitude to use of medical staffs' restraints. Type II is 'Sardonic sensibility', which means that they have a negative and a cynical attitude to use of physical restraints. Type III is 'Ambivalent', which means that they have conflicts between rationality and emotion, and type IV is 'Practical claim of a right', which means they insist that patients and their family members must be provided with a detailed explanation regarding the application of physical restraints.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study suggest that perceptions toward the use of physical restraints among family care-givers should be understood for patients' safety and dignity in medical circumstance. Based on the results, this study will be useful in developing the customized nursing intervention for supporting family care-givers' subjectivity considering the Korean context.

Citations

• Families' Perception and Attitude toward Applied Physical Restraints in General Neurological Wards
  So-Yeon Ha, Yi-Kyung Ha, Myung-Hee Kim
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(5): 3293.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to examine the effects of the secondary stroke prevention education program to inhibit the recurrence of the acute ischemic stroke patients, and to maintain and promote knowledge about stroke, self-efficacy and self-care. METHOD: This study was designed to take a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test with the nonequivalent control group. The experimental group consists of 20 patients and control group consists of 20 patients. The experimental group was applied the secondary stroke prevention education program. In order to verify the effects of the secondary stroke prevention education program, knowledge about stroke, self-efficacy and self-care scale were measured before the intervention and 4 weeks, 12 weeks after discharge. The tools for measuring knowledge about stroke, self-efficacy and self-care are developed by the researcher. The data was analyzed by SPSS win 10.0 program using chi2-test, Fisher's Exact Test, t-test, Kolmogorov- Smirnov Z, and Repeated Measures ANOVA. RESULT: There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge about stroke (F=4.021, p=.026), self-efficacy(F=6.096, p=.018), and self-care(F=8.026, p=.007) between the experimental and the control group after intervention. CONCLUSION: It is considered that the program can be used as an effective nursing intervention in clinical practice.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identity the relationships among self reported health behaviors, menopausal symptoms, and sexual satisfaction in middle-aged women. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 155 women from 40 to 60 years. The data was analyzed using SPSS program for frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS: 1. The mean score of health behaviors was 3.10 out of maximum 4. 2. The mean score of self-reported menopausal symptoms was 1.73 out of maximum 2. 3. The mean score of sexual satisfaction was 2.73 out of maximum 4. 4. Women's degree of menopausal symptoms had negative correlations with the degree of health behaviors(r=-0.437, p<.001) and the degree of sexual satisfaction(r=-0.439, p<.001). The degree of health behaviors had a positive correlation with the degree of sexual satisfaction (r=0.470, p<.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, menopausal symptoms-based complaints by middle-aged women were negatively correlated to health behavior and sexual satisfaction. Therefore, health behavior should be considered when developing nursing strategies for middle- aged women, especially when dealing with menopausal symptoms and sexual satisfaction.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to identify the process of experience toward decision making to donate organs.
METHOD
Eleven subjects who registered at the Association for Organ Sharing in Korea were recruited. Using in-depth interviews and tape-recordings, data was collected from Jun. 2001 to Feb. 2002 and the contents of these were analyzed by Glaser's grounded theory analysis method.
RESULT
Basic Social- Psychological Problem(BSPP) of subjects were 'attachment to body' and the core theme, that is Basic Socialization Progress(BSP) were discovered to 'find out what is the meaning of life'. Also it consisted of four steps: 1st 'hesitate', 2nd 'look into self', 3rd 'realize the tie up to self' and last 're-find the meaning of life'.
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate the Korean's Basic Socialization Progress of decision making regarding organ donation, so possible development of promoting decision making is necessary strategies for people who is having his/her potential of organ donation in mind.

PUPPOSE: This study was performed to identify the factors which affected exercise and the perceived exercise behaviors in women according to Q-methodology and to provide basic strategies for health promotion of middle-aged women in Korea.
METHOD
Q-methodology provides a scientific method for identifying perception structures that exist within certain individuals or groups. Thirty subjects in Seoul, Incheon, Chung-buk classified 35 selected Q-statements in to 9 points standard. The collected data was analyzed by using a QUANL pc program.
RESULT
Principal component analysis identified 3 types of exercise behavior of middle-aged women in Korea and named by the researcher. They are called persistent activity preference type, living-exercise preference type, exercise mania type. In persistent activity preference type, the middle-aged women thought activity was very helpful to achieving health and releasing stress or fatigue. Also, they recognized the relationship between physical health and psychological health. In living- exercise preference type, the middle-aged women preferred maintaining stability or nonactivity to intended exercise or activity for health. In exercise mania type, the middle-aged women thought there was no other way to keep her health than to exercise.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study will provide the health care provider including nurse with useful information. It's very important to offer appropriate exercise intervention to the middle-aged women of each type by taking into consideration the characteristics of individual types.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect coping with fatigue in middle-aged men according to Q-methodology and to provide basic strategies for health promotion.
METHOD
25 subjects in Seoul, Incheon, Chung-buk classified 24 selected Q-statements in to 9 points standard. The collected data were analyzed by using a QUNAL pc program.
RESULT
Principal component analysis identified 3 types of coping with fatigue among middle-aged Korean men. 1st Type: Coping with fatigue through various kinds of game, using alcohol, smoking cigarette other than rest and sleep. 2nd Type : Coping with fatigue through rest and sleep, taking medicine or food which helps relieving fatigue. 3rd Type : Coping with fatigue through acitivities such as sports or trip other than sleep.
CONCLUSION
We have found how Korean middle-aged men cope against fatigue through this research. To setup and apply different nursing intervention on each type based on this result is needed.

Since 'purpose' and 'aim' are present in all human behaviors, if it is the subject of the research, it must be different from a retributive explanation which focuses on the cause and effect. Since death is an extremely subjective and unique experience, if we take into account the lack of understanding about death due to the difficulty in methodology, it is very important to try to understand the subjectivity of death. In this respect, Q-methodology, which explains and shows the respondent's subjectivity by objectifying his subjectivity, is employed to find the solution to the questions in this study. Therefore the reason this study was initiated was to understand the characteristics and attitudinal types toward death among health care personnel. The results of this study are as follows The First type, the Fate-receipient, consisted of 17 subjects. The main charasteristics of the people in Type 1 are : a) They can talk openly about death, so as to prepare themselves for it. b) They strongly agree with the statements that the spirit does not die. c) They don't want to be put in intensive care when they're in coma. d) A person's death is part of his destiny. To these people, suicide is the most cowardly behavior, and their view of life after death is based on their religion. The Second type, the Reality-oriented, consisted of 11 subjects. These people in Type 2 think that the existence of the spirit or the next world was created by human beings for religious reasons and strongly deny the effect that religion has on our everyday life. So while they're still alive, they concentrate on life itself rather than thinking about death. In conclusion, this study discovered two types of subjectivity of health care personnel concerninig death and their relationship to it. By identifying the nature of the two types, this study suggests efficient strategies for developing educational programs in the university curriculum and continuing educational programs should be employed.