PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop integrated evaluation indicators of home care services in the hope that the increasing group of long-term home care patients could receive quality care services.
METHODS
The development involves a methodological study on a development phase and a verification phase. The main survey at a verification stage was conducted by the staffs at 146 institutions who agreed to participate on this study.
RESULTS
The evaluation index for the integrated home visit care consisted of five categories and 57 indicators including Managing Institution (12), Environment and Safety (3), Right and Responsibility (7), Process of Care (31) and Results of Care (4). The criterion-related validity was verified in regard to the participation in the 2010 evaluation of long-term home-care institutions by the National Health Insurance Corporation.
CONCLUSION
The evaluation index of the integrated home visiting care developed in this study is considered suitable to utilize as evaluating indicators in managing and evaluating the way of how institutions integrate and provide home visit care services as well as home nursing care services.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to test the impact of simulation-based education program for emergency airway management on self-efficacy and clinical performance ability.
METHODS
A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group pre-post test design was used. A total of 60 nurses, 30 nurses assigned to the simulation-based education group and 30 nurses to a traditional lecture group. The treatment group received a lecture, small group workshop and team simulation whereas the comparison group received lectures.
RESULTS
The participants in the simulation-based education group reported significantly higher self-efficacy of emergency airway management compared to participants in the lecture only group (t=5.985, p<.001). The simulation-based education group showed significantly higher clinical performance ability of emergency airway management compared with the lecture group (t=5.532, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
Simulation-based education was verified to be an effective teaching method to improve the self-efficacy, clinical performance skills of nurses in the learning of emergency airway management.

Citations

• An Exploratory Study to Develop a Virtual Reality Based Simulation Training Program for Hypovolemic Shock Nursing Care: A Qualitative Study Using Focus Group Interview
  Jaehee Jeon, Sihyun Park
  Healthcare.2021; 9(4): 417.     CrossRef
• Simulation-based education program on postpartum hemorrhage for nursing students
  Miok Kim, Juyoung Ha
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(1): 19.     CrossRef
• Development and Effects a Simulation-based Emergency Airway Management Education Program for Nurses in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Minjung Kim, Sunghee Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 518.     CrossRef
• Importance and Performance Analysis of Competency for Advanced Beginner-stage Nurses of Ward
  Inhee Hwang, Soyoung Yu
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(3): 292.     CrossRef
• Effect of simulation-based emergency cardiac arrest education on nursing students' self-efficacy and critical thinking skills: Roleplay versus lecture
  Eunsook Kim
  Nurse Education Today.2018; 61: 258.     CrossRef
• Effects of a simulated emergency airway management education program on the self‐efficacy and clinical performance of intensive care unit nurses
  Myong‐Ja Han, Ju‐Ry Lee, Yu‐Jung Shin, Jeong‐Suk Son, Eun‐Joo Choi, Yun‐Hee Oh, Soon‐Haeng Lee, Hye‐Ran Choi
  Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2018; 15(3): 258.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Simulation-based Stroke Care Education on Nursing Performance Ability and Satisfaction in Nursing Students
  Kie In Jang, Young Sook Roh
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(1): 408.     CrossRef
• Effect of Attribution Disposition and Self-Efficacy on Clinical Practice Competence of Nursing Student
  Su Ol Kim, So Myeong Kim
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2015; 29(3): 452.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
To develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of outcome expectations-2 for exercise.
METHODS
The Korean version of outcome expectations for exercise-2 was developed through forward-backward translation techniques. Content, criterion, and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis and an internal consistency reliability were conducted. Survey data were collected from 200 older adults living in a community.
RESULTS
The Korean version of outcome expectations for exercise-2 had factor loadings of the 13 items ranged from .20 to .76, and was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI=.829, NFI=.754, RMSEA=.086). Also there was a reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha for the positive domain of outcome expectations for exercise scale-2 of .73. Negative domain, however, reported slightly low Cronbach's alpha of .63.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study demonstrated that the Korean version of outcome expectations for exercise-2 had satisfactory validity to measure expectations regarding exercise among older adults in Korea. Negative domain, however, should be retested to verify reliability for the further study.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to identify depression and its predictors among Korean community-dwelling elderly with mild cognitive impairment.
METHODS
Secondary data analyses of the data collected by the "Study on tailored integration program for reinforcing cognitive and physical function of the frail elderly. The study used data from one-to-one interviews using structured questionnaires. The subjects were 346 community-dwelling elderly who visited a healthcare center in Seoul, Korea. A descriptive correlational study design was utilized to explore depression and its predictors including physical factors and psychosocial factors among the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression.
RESULTS
Mean score of depression was within normal limit 11.61+/-6.69. Somatic symptoms, negative life events (severity), social support were shown as significant predictors of depression. The most influential predictor for depression was somatic symptoms (beta=.340, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
To prevent and relieve depression in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment, nursing intervention strategies which consider well-balanced physical and psychosocial aspects are needed. In particular, a specific nursing intervention strategy is required to improve physical health of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to identify the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among a group of community-dwelling elderly and to determine if there were differences in general characteristics, activities of daily living (ADL), perceived health status (PHS) between the MCI group and group of elderly with normal cognitive function.
METHODS
This study utilized a descriptive survey design. Six hundred and five subjects over the age 65 were recruited from an S public health center, Seoul. Data were gathered through a variety of instruments: MoCA-K, K-MMSE, K-MBI, S-IADL, and PHS scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 18.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square test and t-test.
RESULTS
The prevalence of MCI among the subjects was 46.0%. Differences in IADL, PHS, age, education, sex, and residing with a spouse were statistically significant between groups. The MCI group had lower IADL, lower PHS, were older, and had lower educational levels than the group with normal cognitive function. Further, the MCI group was less likely to live with a spouse.
CONCLUSION
It is suggested that MCI group should be targeted in developing and implementing nursing strategies to prevent dementia and improve the elderly cognitive function.

PURPOSE
The purposes of this study were as follows; 1) To review the definitions of critical thinking from various perspectives, 2) To examine the critical thinking measurements throughout nursing research, and 3) To review the nursing studies with regard to critical thinking.
METHODS
This study was a literature review with regard to the critical thinking in nursing in aspects of conceptual meaning, measurements, and research.
RESULTS
The definition of critical thinking in nursing included decision making in clinical setting, inference with logical construct to increase nursing quality, interpretation in the context, and evaluation. The critical thinking was a core concept, which meant not only simple nursing process, but included decision making ability. The critical thinking has been conceptualized by both critical thinking disposition and skill. However, there was no nursing specified critical thinking measurement. Critical thinking research has been conducted to describe critical thinking disposition and critical thinking, to determine relationships between critical thinking and clinical competency, and to evaluate the effectiveness of educational programs.
CONCLUSION
The instruments for measuring critical thinking disposition and skill that contain cultural difference and clinical specificity need to be developed to measure critical thinking and increase it.

PURPOSE
The objectives of this study were to examine the difference between scores assigned by dementia patients and their caregivers to the patients' anxiety, depression, and quality of life.
METHODS
After obtaining Institutional Review Board(IRB) approval, face-to-face interview with the patients and their caregivers respectively was conducted by trained graduate-level nursing students from December 2007 to February 2008. Patients' anxiety, depression, and quality of life were measured by patients and their caregivers. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program, which was used for frequency, percentage, mean , standard deviation, t-test, and Pearson's correlation.
RESULTS
Significant relationships were reported between the depression rated by patients and that rated by their caregivers(r = .37, p = .019). In addition, there was no difference between the quality of life rated by patients and that rated by their caregivers(t = -7.11, p = .479). However, there was no significant relationship between the anxiety rated by patients and that rated by their caregivers(r = .21, p = .195).
CONCLUSION
There were no differences on level of depression and quality of life of dementia patients measured by dementia patients and caregivers, However, dementia patients' anxiety level has discrepancy between them.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between a experience of falling, fear of falling, depression, and perceived health status in urban areas.
METHODS
After obtaining Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, a one-time, face-to-face, and private interview was conducted with each participant who was eligible and agreed to participate in this study from May 2007 to August 2007 by trained graduate-level nursing students. The questionnaires consisted of Fall Efficacy Scale, K-GDS, and SF-36. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS/PC 12.0 program, which was used for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and hierarchical regression.
RESULTS
The major findings of this study were as follows; 1) approximately 9% of participants had fallen within one year. Study participants reported moderate fear of falling(M=43.80); moderate physical health (M=42.31) and mental health(M=46.05); and low depression status(M=10.38). 2) there were significant differences in fear of falling according to gender, experience of falling, exercise, and depression. 3) significant factors influencing on fear of falling were experience of falling and physical health status.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that nurses working closely with older adults should be taught the impact of previous falls and physical health status on fear of falling and need to reinforce exercise behavior for older adults who are vulnerable to fear of falling.