PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify the predictive factors for pre-diabetes in middle-aged Korean women based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, data were extracted from the second year of the 6th KNHANES (2013~2015), conducted at 129 sites from January to December 2014. The 1,275 subjects were middle-aged women between 40 and 64 years of age characterized as “pre-diabetic” (n=618) or “normal” (n=657) according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) standard. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to determine factors influencing pre-diabetes in middle-aged women.
RESULTS
The significant factors for pre-diabetes were a Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) > 0.53 (Odds Ratio [OR]=1.71, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.27~2.29), increasing prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.42~2.86), and low level of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.18~3.02). In addition, as age increased after 50 years, the proportion of WHtR > 0.53 decreased in the normal group, but increased with age in the pre-diabetes group.
CONCLUSION
Education to raise awareness about diabetes including pre-diabetes is needed for effective management of hyperlipidemia and central obesity to ensure a healthy middle age.

Citations

• Predictors of Prediabetes Among Young Adults in East Java, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study
  Ika Nur Pratiwi, Ika Yuni Widyawati, Nursalam Nursalam, Zulfayandi Pawanis, Arina Qonaah, Bih O Lee
  Nurse Media Journal of Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an individualized cardiac health education on self-care behavior and serum cholesterol levels patients with coronary artery disease.
METHODS
Twenty-two patients in the intervention group and 22 in the control group were assigned randomly in this study. The intervention group received an individualized cardiac health education program which consisted of four different sessions for a total of four sessions. Specifically, two sessions occurred during the patients' hospitalization with a third session at the time of discharge with a fourth session scheduled via telephone one week post discharge. Data were collected through a questionnaire for self-care behavior and a blood test for total cholesterol at the time of admission and the two weeks after discharge. The questionnaire for self-care behavior was a standardized instrument and serum cholesterol was measured by Accutrend GC (Roche, Germany).
RESULTS
Self-care behavior scores included diet, medication, exercise, risk factor, blood pressure measurement, and visits to hospital were significantly more in the experimental group compared to the control group.
CONCLUSION
The above findings indicate that the individualized cardiac health education was effective in increasing of self-care behavior.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors on the occurrence of variant angina, and to examine the predicting factors on the vascular endothelial dysfunction of the patients with variant angina.
METHODS
A total of 134 patients diagnosed with variant angina were recruited from 2006 to 2008. The degrees of endothelial dysfunction were measured and recorded by the researcher using the values of flow-mediated vasodilation of their brachial arteries and Nitroglycerine-mediated dilation. Subjects' demographic data and risk factors were gathered after obtaining informed consent, and their electronic medical records were reviewed to collect laboratory data.
RESULTS
The mean age was 54.2 +/- 9.6 years and 52% was male patients. More than 50% of the male patients were cigarette smokers and had hypercholesterolemia. 84% of the male patients and 70% of the female patients had more than one risk factor of cardiovascular disease. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that smoking and hypercholesterolemia predicted the decrease of flow-mediated vasodilation (Adjusted R(2) = .204, p < .001).
CONCLUSION
Tailored educational interventions for smoking cessation and cholesterol management are needed to prevent recurrence of angina attack for patients with variant angina and to prevent cardiovascular disease for middle-aged workers.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the antioxidant level, serum cholesterol and skin beta-carotene, of female elderly who had been living more then 10 months in institutions which offered either vegetarian or nonvegetarian diet.
METHODS
Total of 110 female elderly, 56 from institution serving vegetarian diet and 54 from nonvegetarian diet, were recruited from institutions located in S and N city in Korea. beta-carotene level was measured on their palm using Pharmanex Biophotonic Scanner and annual health evaluation data was utilized for the analysis of serum cholesterol.
RESULTS
The subjects on a vegetarian diet had a significantly higher level of phosphorus, carotene, and folic acid. The elderly who were living in an institution offering a vegetarian diet had a lower level of serum cholesterol and higher level of skin beta-carotene, compared to those living in an institution offering a non-vegetarian diet.
CONCLUSION
This study reveals that a vegetarian diet is beneficial in increasing skin beta-carotene level, decreasing serum total cholesterol level. The skin beta-carotene measurement appear valuable as a bio-marker of antioxidant intake. Further study on antioxidant food and effective serving strategy for elderly are recommended.

PURPOSE
This study was aimed to determine the optimum low-density lipoprotein : high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL : HDL-C) ratio for predicting coronary heart disease(CHD) in Korean people.
METHODS
It was analyzed this data of 5,431 adults who had undergone health examinations in a hospital in Gyeonggi-do between January 2006 and December 2007. The covariation of the coronary risk factors such as age, HbA1C, systolic blood pressure(SBP), and waist-to-stature ratio(WSR) were analyzed by using logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The LDL : HDL-C ratio in the male and female groups was mostly distributed between 1.5 and 4.0. The LDL : HDL-C ratio was the most significant cholesterol-related parameter influencing CHD(male: B = .306, p = .054, female : B = .940, p = .010), followed by LDL-C and total cholesterol. It was observed a sharp increase in the odds ratios for LDL : HDL-C ratios of 2.25 - 2.50(male) and 2.00 - 2.25(female). A significant difference was observed in both male(2.25 : chi-square = 2.494, p = .072) and female(2.00 : chi-square = 413.742, p = .000) groups.
CONCLUSION
The risk level of CHD was set to 2.25 for males and 2.00 for females. Therefore, the optimum LDL : HDL-C ratio for Koreans should be far lower than that for the people in western countries.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among the levels of total serum cholesterol level, blood pressure, body mass index, and lifestyle. METHOD: This study was designed as a descriptive correlation study. Subjects were 972 adults participated voluntarily living in GyeongNam. The height, weight, blood pressure and fasting serum cholesterol were measured. Body mass index was caculated. Information on general characteristics (age, gender, education, job, family history) and life style(cigarette, alchol, sleeping time, regular exercise, meal pattern, peppery, salty, sweetness, vegetable diet, meat diet) were collected using a questionnaire by interviewing method. RESULT: The mean value of total serum cholesterol was 197+/-36.4mg/dl(mean; 189.4+/-36.7, women; 202.1 +/-35.1). By simple analysis, the serum total cholesterol according to general characteristics features was statistically significant in age(F= 6.765, p=000) and gender (t=5.372, p=.000). Total serum cholesterol levels increased significantly with increasing BMI. The serum total cholesterol according to life style features was statistically significant in cigarette(chi2 =12.12, p=.016), exercise(chi2=6.335, p=.042), salty taste(chi2=18.801, p=016), vegetable diet(chi2=19.488, p=012). The most affecting factor which total serum cholesterol factor was BMI(beta=.151, p=.000). CONCLUSION: The significant risk factors relating to serum total cholesterol were age, gender, BMI, smoking, and exercise. Therefore, for the reduction of serum total cholesterol level, it is recommended that nursing intervention for the prevention of obesity, change of life style should be implemented.

PURPOSE
This study is aimed at showing the effect of work-site health promotion programs for health promoting behavior, cholesterol, and quality of life of middle-aged workers.
METHOD
Thirty-one middle-aged workers were the experimental group and thirty-one were the control group. The 8-week work-site health promotion program was given to the experimental group. After this, health promoting behavior, cholesterol and quality of life were measured by questionnaires for the experimental and control groups. Health promotion theory, flexibility and muscle strength, aerobic exercise, nutrition, stress management, cancer prevention and early detection, smoking and alcohol problems, and summary lecture were all included in the 8-week work-site health promotion program. Health promoting behavior was measured by Park's HPBS, cholesterol was measured by enzyme method, and quality of life was measured by Ro's QOL.
RESULT
The experimental group showed a higher score of health promoting behavior than the control group. There were no differences on cholesterol and quality of life between the experimental and control groups.
CONCLUSION
It is necessary that nurses provide middle-aged workers with work-site health promotion programs to improve health promoting behavior. It's necessary also to re-study this with the pre-post research design.