PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to review and identify factors relevant to workplace bullying in nursing.
METHODS
Twenty-three studies that met the criteria were selected from a sample of twenty-six studies. These articles were retrieved from a central literature databases (N=13,241). The total correlational effect size (ESr) for each related factor was calculated from Fisher's Zr. A funnel plot inspection (similar to scatter plot) with a trim-and-fill method was used to assess the publication bias of the meta-analyzed studies.
RESULTS
From the systematic review, fifty-one factors were identified as having an influencing effect. Fourteen factors (five individual and nine organizational factors) were eligible for meta-analysis. The individual factors included, self-esteem (ESr=-.31), psychological capital (ESr=-.26), and marital status (ESr=-.06) which were significantly correlated with workplace bullying. Organizational factors included, organizational tolerance (ESr=.48), supervisor incivility (ESr=.47), job stress (ESr=.46), group morale (ESr=-.36), group support (ESr=-.35), supervisor leadership (ESr=-.35), group identity (ESr=-.33), and structural empowerment (ESr=-.27). These factors were significantly correlated with workplace bullying. There were no publication biases except for both individual and organizational factors.
CONCLUSION
Organizational factors have more of an greater impact than individual factors on workplace bullying. The results of this study support the need for intervention at the organizational level.

Citations

• Interventions against bullying at work: a meta-analysis
  Alfredo Rodríguez-Muñoz, Alejandro Díaz-Guerra, Mirko Antino, William Fernando Duran, Iván Sánchez
  Work & Stress.2025; 39(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Global prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence against nursing students: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
  Farouq Bin Mohamed Mohamed, Ling Jie Cheng, Xiang Er Cherrie Chia, Hannele Turunen, Hong-Gu He
  Aggression and Violent Behavior.2024; 75: 101907.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of cognitive rehearsal programs for the prevention of workplace bullying among hospital nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Yulliana Jeong, Hye Sun Jung, Eun Mi Baek
  BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Hospital Nurses’ Workplace Bullying Experiences Focusing on Meritocracy Belief, Emotional Intelligence, and Organizational Culture: A Cross‐Sectional Study
  Insil Jang, Sun Joo Jang, Sun Ju Chang, Miyuki Takase
  Journal of Nursing Management.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between Workplace Bullying, Job Stress, and Professional Quality of Life in Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Petros Galanis, Ioannis Moisoglou, Aglaia Katsiroumpa, Maria Mastrogianni
  Healthcare.2024; 12(6): 623.     CrossRef
• Intervention types and their effects on workplace bullying among nurses: A systematic review
  Sun Joo Jang, Youn‐Jung Son, Haeyoung Lee
  Journal of Nursing Management.2022; 30(6): 1788.     CrossRef
• Empirical Analysis With Legislative Solutions of Workplace Cyberbullying
  Muhammad Danyal Khan, Muhammad Daniyal, Ali Hassan, Muhammad Arif Saeed, Kassim Tawiah
  International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning.2022; 12(1): 1.     CrossRef
• The Experience of Clinical Nurses after Korea’s Enactment of Workplace Anti-Bullying Legislation: A Phenomenological Study
  Hee-Sun Kim, In-Ok Sim
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(11): 5711.     CrossRef
• PROFESSIONAL HARASSMENT AT A HOSPITAL SETTING
  KARIM KARISHMA
  i-manager’s Journal on Nursing.2021; 11(1): 43.     CrossRef
• Nursing students' experiences of violence and aggression: A mixed-methods study
  Nutmeg Hallett, Chris Wagstaff, Tony Barlow
  Nurse Education Today.2021; 105: 105024.     CrossRef
• A Topic Modeling Analysis for Online News Article Comments on Nurses' Workplace Bullying
  Jiyeon Kang, Soogyeong Kim, Seungkook Roh
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(6): 736.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Nursing Organizational Culture, Work Performance and Workplace Bullying Type on Workplace Bullying Consequence of Nurses
  Ga Yeon Jeong, Hyun Jung Jang
  Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2019; 25(4): 424.     CrossRef
• Effects of nursing organisational culture on face‐to‐face bullying and cyberbullying in the workplace
  JeongSil Choi, Mijeong Park
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2019; 28(13-14): 2577.     CrossRef
• Response Patterns of Nursing Unit Managers regarding Workplace Bullying: A Q Methodology Approach
  Jin Kyu Choi, Byoungsook Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(5): 562.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Interventions for Workplace Bullying among Nurses: A Systematic Review
  Sun-young Park, Hana Shin, Yeuok Cho, Sue Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2018; 24(4): 339.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing workplace bullying among Korean hospital nurses.
METHODS
Subjects in this study included 178 hospital nurses who attended two nationwide nursing educational conferences in 2013. The data was collected using self-report questionnaires which were used to identify the subjects' characteristics, self-esteem, perception of nursing organizational culture, and workplace bullying experience.
RESULTS
The results showed that 19.1% of study subjects reported being victims of workplace bullying and mostly experienced person-related and work-related bullying. Multiple regression analysis was done to identify factors affecting workplace bullying. The perception of relation-oriented culture, task-oriented culture and self-esteem turned out to be variables that explained nurses' workplace bullying, and these factors accounted for 32.0% of the variance.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that nurses experience more workplace bullying in task-oriented cultures. However, they experience less bullying and report higher self-esteem and awareness in relation-oriented cultures. Interventions focused on the characteristics of the organization need to be developed to prevent workplace bullying in hospital nurses.

Citations

• Effectiveness of cognitive rehearsal programs for the prevention of workplace bullying among hospital nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Yulliana Jeong, Hye Sun Jung, Eun Mi Baek
  BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Topic Modeling: Perspectives From a Literature Review
  Andres M. Grisales A., Sebastian Robledo, Martha Zuluaga
  IEEE Access.2023; 11: 4066.     CrossRef
• Impact of workplace bullying and resilience on new nurses' turnover intention in tertiary hospitals
  Gyu Li Baek, EunJu Lee
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2022; 24(4): 801.     CrossRef
• The Experience of Clinical Nurses after Korea’s Enactment of Workplace Anti-Bullying Legislation: A Phenomenological Study
  Hee-Sun Kim, In-Ok Sim
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(11): 5711.     CrossRef
• The Association between Korean Clinical Nurses’ Workplace Bullying, Positive Psychological Capital, and Social Support on Burnout
  Seong-Ryeol Bae, Hyon-Joo Hong, Jin-Joo Chang, Sung-Hee Shin
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(21): 11583.     CrossRef
• Effects of Clinical Nurses’ Workplace Bullying, Empathic Ability, and Resilience on Job Satisfaction
  Mi Young Lee, Youngrye Park
  Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2021; 14(2): 57.     CrossRef
• Individual and organizational factors influencing workplace cyberbullying of nurses: A cross‐sectional study
  Youngji Kim, Jeong Sil Choi
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2021; 23(3): 715.     CrossRef
• Response Patterns of Nursing Unit Managers regarding Workplace Bullying: A Q Methodology Approach
  Jin Kyu Choi, Byoungsook Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(5): 562.     CrossRef
• Influence of Job Stress, Team Cohesion and Organizational Justice on Workplace Bullying in Clinical Nurses
  Jung-Won Kong, Yong-Sook Eo
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2019; 25(5): 448.     CrossRef
• Effects of a smartphone application for cognitive rehearsal intervention on workplace bullying and turnover intention among nurses
  Jiyeon Kang, Yeon Jin Jeong
  International Journal of Nursing Practice.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Topic Modeling Analysis for Online News Article Comments on Nurses' Workplace Bullying
  Jiyeon Kang, Soogyeong Kim, Seungkook Roh
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(6): 736.     CrossRef
• Association between workplace bullying and burnout, professional quality of life, and turnover intention among clinical nurses
  Yujeong Kim, Eunmi Lee, Haeyoung Lee, Liza Heslop
  PLOS ONE.2019; 14(12): e0226506.     CrossRef
• The Mediating Effect of Mindfulness in the Relationship between Self-Esteem and Burnout among Clinical Nurses
  Hanju Bea, Heekyung Chang, Young Eun
  Stress.2018; 26(3): 243.     CrossRef
• Moderating effects of Professional Self-concept in Relationship between Workplace Bullying and Nursing Service Quality among Hospital Nurses
  Eun Mi Lee, Duck Hee Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2018; 24(5): 375.     CrossRef
• A Grounded Theory Approach on Nurses' Experience with Workplace Bullying
  Jiyeon Kang, Seonyoung Yun
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(2): 226.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Organizational Culture and Workplace Bullying among Korean Nurses
  Yuseon An, Jiyeon Kang
  Asian Nursing Research.2016; 10(3): 234.     CrossRef
• Relationships among Self-esteem, Social Support, Nursing Organizational Culture, Experience of Workplace Bullying, and Consequence of Workplace Bullying in Hospital Nurses
  Eun-Hye Han, Yeongmi Ha
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2016; 22(3): 303.     CrossRef
• The Related Factors to Workplace Bullying in Nursing: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
  Jiyeon Kang, Minju Lee
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2016; 28(4): 399.     CrossRef