PURPOSE
This paper is a report of an analysis of the concept of pro-environmental health behavior.
METHODS
Rodgers' method of evolutionary concept analysis was used to analyze the concept. A literature search using keywords 'pro-environmental health behavior, 'environmental health behavior', and 'eco-friendly health behavior' was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and RISS and utilizing the results published from 1983 to 2011. Database and bibliographic searches yielded 84 records.
RESULTS
Four critical attributes of pro-environmental health behavior were identified as 'prevention and protection', 'internal process', 'altruism', and 'alternative'. Antecedents to pro-environmental health behavior were climate change, environmental pollution, and health risk. The consequences of pro-environmental health behavior were individual and social behavioral changes.
CONCLUSION
The concept of pro-environmental health behavior developed in this project may offer information to be considered as the concept is further develop and efforts are made to measure the attributes of pro-environmental health behavior.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to explore the parental stress, behaviors and need for parental education of young women with breast cancer and how these variables are related to their children characteristics.
METHODS
The subjects were 110 young women with breast cancer who have a child. Data were collected using questionnaire of parenting stress, parental behaviors and need for parental education.
RESULTS
The subjects reported many unmet needs for parental education, and have the highest level of need for education related to breast cancer. Women with daughters have higher level of need for parental education compared to subjects with sons. There was a negative correlation between parenting stress and parental behaviors and between parenting stress and need of parental education.
CONCLUSION
As these results, the development and application of parental education program for mothers with breast cancer in the future should be considered with the demographic characteristics, the social and cultural environment, parenting stress, and parental behaviors of parents and children.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with drug misuse behaviors among polypharmacy elderly.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional survey. Participants consisted of 116 polypharmacy elderly who were taking 5 or more medications each day. Data were collected via face to face interviews. Data were analyzed using the PASW 18.0 program. Data concerning predisposing factor (knowledge, benefit), enabling factor (communication with health care provider), and need factor (perceived health status, number of disease) were collected.
RESULTS
The total mean score of drug misuse behaviors among polypharmacy elderly was 3.04 out of 10 points. Communication with health care provider, perceived health status, and knowledge were found to be significantly correlated with drug misuse behaviors. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, a total of 42% of the variance in drug misuse behaviors was accounted for communication with health care provider, perceived health status, and knowledge.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, education program for improving communication with health care provider, and knowledge should be designed and provided for polypharmacy elderly.

PURPOSE
The purposes of this study were to identify the factors associated with the first reported fracture in osteoporotic patients.
METHODS
One hundred and sixty-four patients who presented with osteoporosis at K hospital in G city, South Korea between July and September 2010 were participated in study. Modified Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey tool were used to measure participants' living habits. Computer aided nutritional analysis program (CAN-PRO) designed by Nutrition Information Center in the Korean Nutrition Society (2002) was used to analyze foods intake and to calculate the individual nutrients intake.
RESULTS
The risk of developing the first osteoporotic fracture was ten times higher in the patients between 65 to 74 years (OR=10.06, p=.010), and 28.41 times greater in those with increasing falls (OR=28.41, p<.001). Patients with higher bone marrow density (BMD) and higher consumption of animal protein diet had lower risks of developing the first osteoporotic fracture (OR=0.37, p=.011; OR=0.88, p=.040, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Risk factors for osteoporotic fracture included the age from 65 to 74 years, an increase in falls, low animal protein consumption, and reduced BMD. Systematic educational program is needed to prevent fracture in osteoporotic patients.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of aroma foot massage and reflexology on sleep, depression and problem behaviors on elderly with dementia.
METHODS
The study was a none equivalent control group pre-post test quasi-experimental design. The participants were 62 elderly with mild mentia. Using a coin toss, 31 participants were assigned to the experimental group and 31 to the control group. The aroma reflex foot massage comprised of aroma foot massage and foot reflexology. The intervention was conducted twice a week for six weeks.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in reported sleep and depression between the two groups. However, the issue of problem behaviors was not significant.
CONCLUSION
Aroma reflex foot massage can be utilized as an effective intervention for sleep and depression in conjunction with drug therapy for the management of elderly with mild dementia.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of visual and hearing impairment and to investigate the effect of visual and hearing impairment on depression and cognitive function in community-dwelling Korean elderly.
METHODS
The study population consisted of a representative community sample of 4,028 persons aged 65 and older fromthe Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging 2008. Depression and cognitive function were measured by CES-D 10-item scale and K-MMSE. Visual and hearing impairment were measured by 5-Likert scale. Data were analyzed using Rao-Scott chi2 test, simple and multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS
The prevalence of visual and hearing impairment were 37.3% and 14.0%, respectively. Of the participants, the prevalence of depression was 58.4% and cognitive impairment was 50.6%. There were significant differences in depression and cognitive function according to visual and hearing impairment. Far vision and hearing impairment were predictors for both depression and cognitive impairment even after covariates had been adjusted.
CONCLUSION
These data suggest that visual and hearing impairment in older adults may increase their probability of experiencing depression and cognitive impairment. Thus sensory impairment should be considered a risk factor for mental health and the cognitive function of elderly.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to examine the effects of the nurse-led one-on-one discharge education on the levels of symptom experience and self-care compliance among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who had not previously participated in an education or respiratory rehabilitation program.
METHODS
This study used a quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design with nonequivalent control group. Sixty seven hospitalized patients (34 for experimental and 33 for control groups) were recruited from in-patient units of a general hospital from August to November, 2010. The one-on-one education session of symptom management and daily self-care was administered to experimental group for 50 minutes along with a follow-up phone call. Self-administered questionnaire was administered at the pretest and at 1 month after discharge.
RESULTS
The subjects were 67.43(+/-10.24)years old in average. The mean differences of symptom experience (t=3.39, p=.001) and self-care compliance (t=-38.13, p<.001) in the experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group.
CONCLUSION
Nurse-led one-on-one discharge education was effective in reducing the level of symptom experience and enhancing self-care compliance at home within one month after discharge. Therefore, this form of one-on-one education provided by nurses might be applicable effectively for COPD patients who do not have access to respiratory rehabilitation programs.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among loneliness, life satisfaction, social support and perceived health status, and further to identify factors affecting loneliness among hospitalized patients with pneumoconiosis.
METHODS
This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. A sample of 205 hospitalized patients with pneumoconiosis was recruited from August 10 to 27, 2011. The data were collected using structured questionnaire and were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 17.0 program.
RESULTS
The mean score of loneliness was very high (46.5). The levels of loneliness depended on several factors including the duration of coalworker caregiver, personality, exercise, hobbies and reported complications. The reported loneliness was significantly correlated with life satisfaction (r=-.204, p=.003). family support (r=-.220, p=.002), professional medical team support (r=-.303, p<.001) and perceived health status (r=-.175, p=.012). The influential factors affecting loneliness were professional medical team support, life satisfaction, and personality, perceived health status, complication and family support, which explained about 21.8% of the variance.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that nursing intervention is needed to reduce loneliness, and to improve the perceived health status, social support and life satisfaction in the hospitalized patient with pneumoconiosis. These results can provide for evidence of nursing intervention to facilitate reduction of loneliness.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of aromatherapy on sleep disorders, satisfaction of sleep and fatigue in hemodialysis patients.
METHODS
The study design was a quasi-experimental study with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were assigned an experimental group (N=17) and a control group (N=17). The experimental group had inhaled lavender and sweet orange for 2 minutes three times a day for 7 days. Sleep disorders were measured using Sleep Measuring Instrument and satisfaction of sleep was gauged using Visual Analogue Scale. Fatigue was checked using Fatigue Measuring instrument. Collected data were analyzed by chi2 test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, and paired t-test using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program.
RESULTS
There are significant differences in the sleep disorders, satisfactions of sleep and fatigue between experimental group and control group.
CONCLUSION
Aromatherapy reduced the sleep disorders and the fatigue and increased satisfactions of sleep in hemodialysis patients. Based on the results of this study, aromatherapy can be used at the any setting as a safe and effective independent nursing intervention to sleep disorders and fatigue in hemodialysis patients.

PURPOSE
This study was performed to determine the perception and attitude of emergency medical staff by the presence of family members while performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).
METHODS
Data were collected from June and August in 2010 using questionnaire. The participants were 187 doctors and nurses who were working at emergency medical centers located at eight hospitals.
RESULTS
Approximately half of the medical emergency staff had previous experience of having requests from a patient's family members to remain present at the time of performing CPR. Most of the subjects did not know that the 2005 American Heart Association (AHA) guideline recommended including willing family members' during CPR. Doctors were more likely than nurses to recognize that the positive effects of family members being present during CPR.
CONCLUSION
This study indicates that health professionals are not aware of the AHA guidelines for including family members during CPR of a patient and further that more doctors than nurses recognized the value of including willing family members during CPR.

PURPOSE
This study was to examine the trend of qualitative study published by Korean Journal of Adult Nursing from 1989 to 2011, and to suggest future directions through identifying its strength and weakness.
METHODS
Ninety one published qualitative studies were analyzed focusing on research methodology and research themes using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
During the last 22 years, the number of qualitative studies has rapidly increased and the methodology used to analyze qualitative data has been diversified. The most frequently used analytic method was a phenomenology (48.4%) and the frequency of conducting a content analysis has increased. The prevailing data collection settings were community (61.5%), followed by hospital (35.2%). Especially, many researches showed specific description on researcher's efforts to get validity and reliability of studies in individual studies presented within recent 10 years. However, it was noted that meta study using mixed methodology and secondary analysis of qualitative studies are rarely used and need to be facilitated.
CONCLUSION
Nursing Researchers utilizing qualitative research should continuously make efforts to increase the validity and reliability of their studies and to find knowledges or strategies applicable to practice through using mixed methods or secondary analysis of individual studies.

No abstract available.