The purpose of this study were to label nursing intervention activities performed by Korean nurses working in medical-surgical units by using Nursing Intervention Classification, and to compare nursing intervention classification in Korea with that in Iowa, and to link nursing interventions to nursing diagnoses. This research was done in two steps. At the first step, list nursing intervention activities were used by korean nurses working in medical-surgical units and categorize and label by using Nursing Intervention Classification. The 142 nursing interventions were identified. The nursing interventions had a three-tiered taxonomic structure composed 6 domains, 27 classes, and 142 nursing interventions. At the second step, 142 interventions were linked to 57 nursing diagnoses and validated by the following 27 experts: 6 nursing professors, 11 graduate nursing students who have specialty of medical-surgical nursing, 10 head nurses who have clinical experiences over 10 years. The method of expert survey used to established the content validity of linking nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions. Questionnaire was distributed to experts. In questionnaire, the intervention labels for each of 57 nursing diagnosis were listed. Exports were asked to rate each diagnosis according to the extent to which it was validated and to identify any interventions they believed needed to be deleted or added. The analysis of results indicated that the taxonomy was well developed. More than 80% of the respondents rates s wither very validate of validate on 44 nursing diagnoses. Only 13 diagnoses were rated as validate by less than 80% of respondents. Based on validity results, revisions were made by adding 60 interventions and deleting 1 intervention. Therefore, total 201 of nursing interventions for 57 nursing diagnoses were identified. The use of standardized classifications in the areas of nursing diagnoses and interventions facilitates communication and allow us to build large computerized databases which, in turn, through their accessibility will facilitate research and clinical decision making. A common nursing language will unit nurses and make nursing care an identifiable essence of health care. Also this study adds to the enhance quality of nursing care and build a unique body of knowledge in nursing.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between social support, dependence of activities of daily living and depression among Parkinson's disease patients. Subjects were 122 patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurologic wards inpatients or neurology clinic out patients department in a tertiary-affiliated hospital in Seoul. Data were collected from April 1996 to March 1997. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The lower the level of dependence of activities of daily living, the lower the level of depression. 2. The higher the level of perceived family support, the lower the level of depression. 3. The higher the level of perceived health personnel support, the lower the level of depression. 4. The rate of depression evaluated by Zung depression scale was 37.4%(mild to moderate:30.1%, moderate to severe:4.1%, severe:3.2%). 5. Socio-demographic characteristics sex, education, occupation, and the charge person of treatment cost, significantly influenced the level of depression. 6. There was no significant difference in level of depression, dependence of activities of daily living, stage of disease between user and nonuser of L-dopa. Suggestions were made for further studies: 1. To develop nursing intervention for decreasing the dependence of activities daily living is needed. 2. To identify the change pattern of depression by time.

The reference study was performed to describe the trend and characteristics & studies related to dying and death of the elderly. The data were collected from 44 article in foreign literature. There results were as follows: 1. The research subjects related to the ares of dying and death of the elderly were death(death attitude, death anxiety), suicide, morbidity and mortality, dying(ethics at the end of life, right-to-die), and bereavement etc. 2. The selected studies were published in 24 health related Journal, including Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, American Journal of Psychiatry, Japanese Journal of Geriatrics, and International Psychogeriatrics, etc. 3. The published year of the article was between 1992 and 1996. 4. The frequently used research designs were survey, cohort study(retrospective study), records analysis, review, case studies and epidemiologic studies. 5. Questionnaires, medical records, interview, review, case studies, observation, and test were mainly used for the data collection for the selected studies.

In this study, 20 students in C university were selected by control group and 14 shift work nurses working in C university hospital by test group It took part in case of day shift(8AM-4PM), evening shift(4PM-12MN), and night shift(12MN-8AM) to know a urinary 17-OHCS and free cortisol changes which works in a rapidly rotating shift work system. The working team were an rest period of a day and an oberservation of an week. It obtained an urine specimen before and after work shift in 2nd day. Test group and control group of shift work compared to change of levels of urinary 17-OHCS and free cortisol of urine collected from nurses of day shift, evening shift, and night shift. The data was analyzed by t-test, paired t-test. The results are as follows. 1. Compare 8AM with 4PM in day shift. Control group increased 4.1mg at 8AM, 4.2mg at 4PM in a case of 17-OHCS(p=.84) and also test group increased a little 3.5mg at start time of work, 3.6mg at stop time(p=.97). In a case of free cortisol control group decreased 3.8microgram at 8AM, 2.4microgram at 4PM(p=.12) and test group decreased 8.3microgramat start time of work, 3.2microgram at stop time(p=.22). 2. Compare 4PM with 12MN in evening shift. Control group decreased 4.2mg at 4PM, 2.9mg at 12MN in a case 17-OHCS(p=.54), but test group increased 1.7mgat start time of work, 3.4mg at stop time(p=.07). In a case of free cortisol control group decreased 2.4microgram at 4PM, 1.9microgram AT 12MN(p=.23) and also test group decreased a little 2.6microgram at start time of work, 1microgram at stop time(p=.43). 3. Compared 12MN with 8AM in night shift. Control group increased 3.9mg at 12MN, 4.1mg at 8AM in a case of 17-OHCS(p=.79) and also test group increased 6.3mg at start time of work, 8.4mg at stop time(p=.16). In a case of free cortisol control group increased 1.9microgram at 12MN, 3.8microgram at 8AM(p=.08) and test group increased 4.4microgram at start time of work, 11.6microgram at stop time(p=.04). As a result of this study reveals that health level of nurses is decreased in a rotating shift work(2 days internal). As mentioned above, it was confirmed that the rotating shift work had influence on the health of the nurse. For it, I present the objective base data to measure the level healthy in order to extend the understanding of the physical aspects of the nurses. Moreover, it is considered that one can make use of it as an objective base data with a view to the rational management for the nursing administration.

The purpose of this study was to test psychometric properties Health-Related Hardiness Scale(HRHS) for Korean elderly. HRHS has been developed by Pollock to measure the effect of hardiness in individuals with actual health problems. Items were generated to measure dimensions based on theoretical definitions of health-related control, commitment, and challenge. In 1990, Pollcok and Duffy revised HRHS to be 34 items. In this study, 34-item HRHS(Pollock & Duffy, 1990) was translated into Korean and administered to 193 elderly involving in 95 hospitalized patients and 98 outpatients or healthy people. The subjects were 80 women and 112 men with an age range of 65 to 95 years(M=71 years) in whom 82.6% classified themselves as moderate or pretty active. Most subjects(80.2%) had education of elementary school or less. The 34-item HRHS consists of three subscales: control, commitment, and challenge, and was measured with 1(strongly disagree) to 6(strongly agree) Likert scale. The higher the score is, the higher people's hardiness. Factor analysis was performed to confirm whether the scale represents three sub-areas as suggested in the literature. Two factors were isolated, using principle components analysis. Two factor solution was accepted for the study since Pollock described the possibility of classifying sub-areas into two divisions. These two factors, commitment/challenge and control accounted for 31.9% of variance of the scale. Factor loadings were string, ranging from .41 to .77. The moderate correlation with task self-efficacy scale also supported the validity(r=.35, p<.05). The scale was found to be internally consistent, showing Cronbanch;s alpha of .90 for the total items with the range of .82 and .90 for three subscales. The findings revealed the potential applicability of HRHS to nursing intervention studies for elderly.

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of Kegel exercise(pelvic floor muscle exercise) for the older women with stress incontinence. The researcher developed, 12-week-long training program was implemented at a senior citizen's center in Seoul. The exercise method was followed the Kimberly-Clark criteria. Verbal instruction for the exercise was given to the group of subjects. Subjects' understanding of exercise was confirmed and evaluated by description of the exercise method by subjects. Thirteen elderly women(mean age 73.7) who have stress incontinence were participated and completed the program. The training session was held every week, the length of each session was 40minutes, including 10minutes Kegel exercise and 30minutes for various topic of health education. Three dependent variables(incontinence, self-esteem, social activity) were compared between pre and post 12-week-training utilizing nonparametric statistics. There was significant decrease in level of incontinence(p=.003). But there was no significant change in self-esteem(p=.06) or in social activities(p=.50). The general evaluation of program by participant was positive. Future study with larger sample and control group was suggested in order to confirm the study results. Because of limited sample size, the study results was not conclusive, although effectiveness of the program as a nursing intervention for the community residing elderly women with stress incontinence is suggestive.

Fatigue is regarded as a universal and unavoidable side effects of chemotherapy. Most of patients in chemotherapy prefer resting and reducing their level of activity, but reduced physical activity can actually decrease physical strength and functional status to produce secondary fatigue. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of rhythmic walking exercise on physical strength, fatigue, and functional status of breast cancer patients in adjutant chemotherapy. A matched control group pretest-pottiest design was used. Seventeen subjects of the experimental group were taught the rhythmic walking exercise(Winningham etal, 1990) on their first visiting day and encouraged to practice it at home throughout that treatment cycle(four weeks). Participants kept an everyday exercise diary that included pulse rates, exercise time and subjective data. The rhythmic walking exercise consists of approximately 30-minute walking, everyday if possible for 4 weeks. Outcomes were measured by each instrument :1) physical strength by the treadmill test estimated the walking ability. The subject is instructed to walk as long as possible to the level of their tolerance ;2)functional status by the Inventory of Functional Status-Cancer(Tollman et al, 1991) ; and 3)fatigue was measured by the Piper Fatigue Scale in both groups at five different times-before beginning chemotherapy(pretest) and one time per week for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, X2-test, t-test, repeated measure MANOVA using SPSSWIN program. Results were obtained as follows :1)The physical strength of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group following the rhythmic walking exercise(t=3.92, p<.001). 2)The fatigue scores of the experimental group measured at the end of each week were significantly lower than those of the control group following the rhythmic walking exercise (1st week ; F=6.51, p<.016, after 1st week ; 863, p<.0001, after 2nd week ; F=46.754, p<.0001, after 3rd week ; F=60. 183, p<.0001, after 4th week). 3)The functional status of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group following the rhythmic walking exercise (t=13.20, p<.0001). The results suggest that the appropriate rhythmic walking exercise for the breast cancer patients in adjutant chemotherapy can improve physical strength and functional status, and ultimately decrease the secondary fatigue.

In chronic illness patients, promotion and self-care are important strategies for maintaining and improving health. Self-care behavior of hypertensive patient are affected by various variables. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between three cognitive-perceptual resources-self efficacy, hardiness and perceived barriers and self-care in hypertensive patients. The subjects for the study were 102 patients who admitted to K medical center or visited to out-patient ward. The instruments used for this study included a survey of general characteristic. self-care, self efficacy, health related hardiness and perceived barriers. Analysis of data was done by use of mean, t-test, ANOVA, Person correlation coefficient and multiple regression The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1)The average score for the self-care was 56.18, for the hardiness was 120.90, for the self efficacy was 59.46 and for the perceived barriers was 34.60. 2)The relationships between the variables of self-care and cognitive-perceptual resource-self efficacy, hardiness, perceived barriers were significant. Self-care was significantly related to hardiness(r=.47, p<.001), suggesting that the person with high hardiness got higher self care scores. Self-care was significantly related to perceived barriers(r=-.41, p<.001), suggesting that the person with high perceived barriers got higher self care scores. A slight but significant correlation was also found between self-care and self efficacy(r=.26, p<.01). 3)In the relationships between general characteristics variables and self-care there were significant differences in gender(t=2.46, p<.05), job(t=3.72, p<.05), duration of illness(t=4.92, p<.05). 4)Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between self-care and independent variables(self-efficacy, hardiness, perceived barriers) and selected general characteristics variables-job, duration of illness. These variables accounted for 36% of the variance in self-care score(F=13.34, p<.000). The hardiness was the most predictive factor(R2=19%) followed by job and perceived barriers. The finding of this study have implications for education of hypertensive patients and health care providers. For chronically ill patients adhere to self-care, we should focus on determining their personal resources such as hardiness and perceived barriers.

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data useful to the training of hospice care members. For this study carried out to investigate the degree of death orientation of hospice care members. The subjects of study were 22 nurses, 85 clergies, 59 volunteers who registered on Hospice Education Programs. The data were analysed by descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and Person's correlation coefficient. The results of the study can be summarized as follows; 1. The degree of death orientation were 85.95 in nurses group, 73.05 in clergies group, and 88.49 in volunteers group. So, clergies group has more positive death orientation than others. 2. The degree of death orientation showed significant differences between age group(F=4.62, p=.004), education program group(F=27.25, p=.000), and religiosity(t=3.77, p=.000). There were no significant differences between the degree of death orientation and the others general characteristics of hospice care members. In conclusion, the urgent need for educational preparation of death orientation and spiritual care of hospice care team, especially volunteers group and nurses group is emphasized. Furthermore, all of the hospice care members those who complete the hospice education program, should be performed efficient hospice care intervention for dying patients and their families.

This study was designed to test the effects of nursing intervention on anxiety level, on the change of physiologic data of the patients undergoing endoscopy. The subjects for the study consisted of 50 hospitalized patients on internal medicine unit in Chonbuk University Hospital during the period between August 1. 1996 and October 3. 1996. Sample were selected according to reestablished criteria. 25 patients were enrolled in experimental group and the other 25 patients were enrolled inthe control group. Experimental group was nursing information and short-term relaxation technique used visual imagination did control group did not given. State anxiety level was measured, using the tool developed by Spielberger(1972) and modified by Kim and Shin(1978), and physiologic data were monitored by blood pressure, pulse rate, serum cortisol level. Data analysis was done by X2-test, t-test, paired t-test, repeated measure of ANOVA using the SAS program. The results were as follows: 1. The first hypothesis that 'the experimental group given nursing information and short-term relaxation technique will be less change of state anxiety level before and after endoscopy than the control group without nursing intervention' was accepted (Experimental group t=-3.65, p=.831; Control group t=-6.34, p=.002). 2. The second hypothesis that 'The experimental group given nursing information and short-term relaxation technique will be loss change of systolic blood pressure before and after endoscopy than the control group without nursing intervention' was accepted(Experimental group F=1.346, p=.12; Control group F=4.590 p=.02). 3. The third hypothesis that 'The experimental group given nursing information and short-term relaxation technique will be loss change of diastolic blood pressure before and after endoscopy than the control group without nursing intervention' was rejected(Experimental group F=.210, p=.76; Control group F=.180 p=.89). 4. The fourth hypothesis that 'The experimental group given nursing information and short-term relaxation technique will be loss change of pulse rate before and after endoscopy than the control group without nursing intervention' was accepted(Experimental group F=.952, p=.17; Control group f=3.997 p=.04). 5. The fifth hypothesis that 'The experimental group given nursing information and short-term relaxation technique will be loss change of serum cortisol level before and after endoscopy than the control group without nursing intervention' was accepted(Experimental group t=1.184, p=.124; Control group t=2.042 p=.034). As seen above, it was concluded that the nursing information and short-term relaxation Technique were effective to reduce anxiety level, physiologic and serum cortisol change in patients undergoing endoscopy. So furthermore, we should continue the Experimental study for testing effectiveness of nursing intervention of anxiety every setting and the results of the study is sure to be useful in clinical field.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and hope of preoperative patients. The subjects in this study were 130 preoperative patients in 2 hospitals in Kunsan. The instruments used for this study: This social support scale developed by Park(1985). Hope scale developed by Miler(1988), the hope scale was modified by adding some items relevant to preoperative patients, when tested for reliability, the cronbach's alpha score was 0.93. The data was analysed by t-test, correlation coefficient, and ANOVA using SAS program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of social support was 3.13 and the mean score of hope was 3.03. 2. The hypothesis of this study, "The higher the degree of social support perceived by the patient, the higher the degree of hope", was supported (T=6.47, p=0.0001 r=0.49). 3. 1) General characteristics were related to the degree of social support: sex, occupation, economic level, education level(p<0.05). 2) General characteristics were related to the degree hope: sex, occupation, economic level, medical treatment expenses, house possession state, operative department, economic level(p<0.05). For these subject, there was a significant relationship between social support and the degree of hope. The nurse should plan interventions to inspire hope level by social support with preoperative patient If so, their coping ability and well-being level may be promoted.

This descriptive study was conducted to investigate the factors related to adolescent's smoking and to find out relationship between their self reported cigarette smoking and urine cotinine level. The subjects for this study were 68 adolescents attending in a technical high school located in Seoul. The data was collected from April 1 to June 13, 1996 using a questionnaire and their urine was collected simultaneously for the cotinine analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, GLM, Pearson Correlation using SAS program. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. Those subject who spend more than 2 hours each day with smoking friends, who spends more than 30,000 won from their parent's stipends each month, two recognize their smoking behavior can be accepted by their parents, who drink alcohol, smokes significantly mor than those subjects who spend less than 2 hours each day with smoking friends, have less than 30,000 won from their parent's stipends each month, recognizes their parents will be very upset for their smoking behavior, who do not drink alcohol( self report: 94, p=.004; t=3.875, p=.003; t=4.46, p=.003; t=4.08, p=.006, urine cotinine; t=2.678, p=.009; t=33.229, p=.002; t=2.84, p=.005; t=3.29, p=.003). 2. There were positive correlation between their self report of cigarette smoking and urine cotinine level in all groups regardless of ; having religion, level of satisfaction to school, length of time spent with smoking friends, amount of stipend each month, parent's response to their smoking behavior, drinking habits. However there was no relationship between their self report of cigarette smoking and urine cotinine level in a group who smoke more than 11 cigarettes each day. The findings of this study reveals that adolescents can provide fairly honest self reports of their cigarette smoking if trusting relationships can be established between the researcher and the subjects.

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data by figuring out fatigue differences in patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The subjects for this study were 49 patients on hemodialysis and 54 patients on peritioneal dialysis at C university medical center in Seoul Results were as follows: 1. The average fatigue score in peritoneal dialysis patients tended to be higher in patients on peritoneal dialysis(42.22) than in patients on hemodialysis(39.41). Peritoneal dialysis patients showed higher score than hemodialysis patients in some general characteristics in groups with male, ones in 20's, 40's, 50's, married, college degree, having religion, having occupation, and not take regular nap. 2. The percents of this subjects with feel fatigue at the time of survey was higher in peritoneal dialysis patients(68.5%) than in hemodialysis patients(57.1%). The percentages of the subjects who feel fatigue in peritioneal dialysis patients was higher than hemodialysis patients, and the high tendencies in peritoneal dialysis patients in were obsemed in groups with male, ones in 30's, to have college degree, periods so of 1-2years in peritoneal dialysis, region, men without occupation, regular exercises, regular nap etc.

This study was designed to identify the relationship between perceived family support and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis. The subjects for this study were the 136 patients with liver cirrhosis that received hospital treatment in 1 general hospitals as Kwang-Ju City in Chonbuk and 3 general hospitals at Kwang-Ju City. The data were collected during the period from May 24 to August 2, 1997 by means of an interview utilized a structured questionnaire. Peceived family support was measured by the family support questionnaire that Kim, Eunu-Young(1996) used for her study about the relationships between perceived family support and self-care agency in adults with diabetes and the author of this study modified it instrument. Quality of life was measured by the quality of life instrument that Ro You-Ja(1998) developed by and analytical study of the quality of life the middle-aged in seoul and modified by the author of this study. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Peraon's correlation, and Simple regression using the SPSS PC+ program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. relationship between perceived family support and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis revealed a significant correlation(r=0.581, p=.000). In addition, perceived family support in patients with liver cirrhosis provided predicted 32.37%(F=63.87, p=.000) of quality of life. 2. There were significant associations between perceived family support and religion(t=4.11, p=.000), occupation(f=4.40, p=.002), and the number of family(f=8.19, p=.000). There were significant associations between quality of life and occupation(f=7.52, p=.000), and economic state(f=3.30, p=.022) among general character. In conclusion, this study revealed that perceived family support in patients with liver cirrhosis may be an important factor that can improve their quality of life. Therefore, nurses must establish nursing plan included their family when nurse carry out nursing intervention and education for patients so that a patient promote quality of life by maintaining optimal well-being state.

This study is a descriptive survey conducted for the purpose of providing basic data to develop the effective nursing in interventions for Coronary Heart Disease patients. It was focused the relations between the type A behavior pattern and Health Locus of Control of them datd were collected through face-to-face interview with 55 CHD patients who were hospitalized at one of the general hospitals in Taegu city from May 11 to July 27, 1977. The instruments used for this studyy were the Jenkiness Activity Scale(Jenkins, 1979) and Health Locus of Control Scale(Wallstone & Wallston, 1978). Analysis of data was done by using of Person Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression and Cronbach with the SAS program. The results were as follows; 1. Total type A behavior pattern score was 67.2(total 88), job involvement /hard-driving subscale 35.9(total 47), sped subscale 12.8(total 16) and impatient subscale 19.09(total 25). The highest score of the type A pattern was the speed subscale 3.75 when it was transferred as a full mark 4. 2. When the total score of Health Locus of Control Scale of CHD was made 5, internal health locus control was the highest with 3.9, powerful others health locus control 3.6 and chance health locus control 3.0. 3. Women were significantly higher than men on total type A behavior pattern(p=.0453), job involvement/hard-driving subscale(p=.0492) and impatient subscale(p=.0460) according to general characteristics. Angina pectoris patients showed significantly higher than myocardial Infarction patients in total type A behavior pattern score(p=.0266), involvement/hard-driving subscale(p=.0365) and impatient subscale(p=.0185). 4. It was not significantly different for the Health Locus of Control Scale according to general characteristics. 5. Correlations between subscales of type A behavior pattern and subscales of Health Locus of Control showed that there were significantly positive correlation between internal health locus control and job-involvement/ hard-driving subscale(p=.0500), and between powerful others health locus control and important subscale(p=.0204). 6. The variances that can explain the causes of type A behavior pattern were systolic blood pressure 9%, quantity of smoking per day 9.6%, dyastolic blood pressure 8.6%, internal health locus control 6.2%, which accounted for 34.3% of the total variances. The following suggestions are made on the basis above results ; 1) The instrument that measures type A behavior pattern of CHD patient need to be modified and developed as an instrument that is applicable with Korea environment and easy to understand for subjects. 2) Replication of the research is need with nation wide samples. 3) Follow-up study for correlation between subscale of the type A behavior pattern and subscale of Health Locus of Control is needed. 4) Intervention program for CHD patients to reduce type A behavior pattern is to be developed.

The purpose of this study was to provide more qualitative care in family nursing practice. The study was designed to investigate the degree of quality of life(QL) among the families. Data were collected from 99 families of cancer patients and 76 families of hospice patients. The ages of the subjects were 17 years and over at six hospitals affiliated to universities in Seoul, Chunchon, and Kyung Gi Province. The data were collected from August, 1996 to August, 1997. The instrument used for this study was the Quality of Life Scale, which were composed of six factors, developed by Ro, You, Ja. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follow ; 1. The score of QL was higher in the families of cancer patients than the families of hospice patients but it was not significant. The score on QL Scale ranged from 73 to 218 with mean of 148. 16 in the families of cancer patients. In the families of hospice patients, the score ranged from 75 to 224, showing a mean of 140.58. Family relationships among six factors showed the highest score in both group. And it was significantly higher in the families of cancer patients than the families of hospice patients(t=2.07, P=0.039). 2. In the families of cancer patients, there were significant association between QL and marital status(F=5.11, P=0.003), economic state(F=4.09, P=0.020), occupation(F=2.92, P=0.012). In the families of hospice patients, there were significant association between QL and family member's age(F=2.52, p=0.029), marital status(F=3.57, P=0.018), economic state(F=6.07, P=0.004), education level(F=3.77, P=0.014). 3.Economic status accounted for 7% of QL, and admission frequency accounted for an additional 4% of QL in the families of cancer patients by means of stepwise multiple regression analysis. In the families of hospice patients, economic status accounted for 17% of QL, and diagnosis accounted for an additional 7% of QL. In conclusion, it was found that QL was higher in the families of cancer patients than the families of hospice patients, and family relationships showed the highest value in QL. These findings showed be considered in nursing practice.