PURPOSE
This study is to identify how depression, hope and social support influence to suicidal ideation of renal dialysis patients and the relating factors according to their general characteristics.
METHODS
This descriptive correlative study was conducted through a organized and structured self-administrated questionnaire and 120 sampled renal dialysis patients. Collected data was analyzed by t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 18.0.
RESULTS
Findings revealed that; 1) The degrees of suicidal ideation were significantly different among groups according to the marital status (F=3.37, p=.021), drinking (F=4.97, p=.008) and smoking history (F=4.77, p=.010), 2) Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a significant association among the suicidal ideation, hope, depression and social support, 3) Multiple regression analysis showed depression (beta=.58, t=7.77, p<.001), social support (beta=-.21, t=-2.69, p=.008) and alcohol drinking (beta=.17, t=2.61, p=.010) were related to factors. They accounted 54% of the suicidal ideation of the subjects.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of this study, health professionals should provide renal dialysis patients with proper management of suicidal ideation as well as its relating factors, hope, depression and social support. Especially, it needs to implement suicidal ideation management and self-help group program to renal dialysis patients.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate a distress nursing intervention for relieving psychosocial distress.
METHODS
We developed a twelve-week non-pharmacological distress nursing intervention to decrease distress. This intervention includes cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness based stress reduction, psychoeducation and supportive therapy. The participants were 27 gynecologic cancer patients who agreed to participate in this study, selected by convenience sampling (experimental group-17 and control group-10). The data collection period was performed from November, 8, 2010 to February, 1, 2011. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program.
RESULTS
There were no difference between the two groups distress score, distress problem and quality of life. The experimental group had significant higher IL-12 and IFN-gamma and lower TGF-beta between before and after the distress nursing intervention.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that the distress nursing intervention was an effective intervention in improving immunologic function of gynecological cancer patients.

PURPOSE
This study was to identify the level of knowledge and performances on evidence-based infection control and influencing factors on performance among nurses in intensive care unit.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. Two hundred thirty-nine nurses at intensive care units were conveniently recruited from seven hospitals located in Seoul and Kyounggi province. Data were collected with a questionnaire survey about evidence-based infection control. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program.
RESULTS
Both level of knowledge (mean 9.15 out of 19) on preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia and central venous catheter induced bloodstream infection, and performance on evidence-based infection control (1.94 out of 4) were moderate. Performance of evidence-based practice for infection control was related to reading research articles regularly, professional satisfaction, and taken education course.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that systematic and organizational strategies for enhancing evidence-based infection control are needed to improve quality of intensive nursing care.

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to develop a knowledge scale of risk factors for fall among community-dwelling older adults. Further, the validity and reliability of the scale was developed.
METHODS
A preliminary scale was developed through content validity by five experts and targeted subjects using the CVI (Content Validity Index). Following the establishment of content validity, the scale was used with 359 community-dwelling older adults to further establish both validity and reliability of the scale. Specifically, construct validity using known-group comparison technique, and reliability using Cronbach's alpha were established.
RESULTS
After content validity testing, 44 preliminary items were selected. Construct validity was established by known group-comparison, in which scores between the fall and no fall groups were compared. The Cronbach's alpha of the final scale was .83.
CONCLUSION
Reliability and validity of the scale were confirmed. This tool may be used for measuring knowledge of fall risk factor for the community-dwelling older adults.

PURPOSE
The focus of this research was a systematic review of published articles and theses for a degree in Korea and foreign countries on rehabilitation therapy for patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
METHODS
The literature until December in 2011 were searched and the data basis included Medline, CINAHL, KERIS, National Library of Korea, and National Assembly Library web sites. Words for the search were TKA or TKA and rehabilitation. Studies included randomized controlled and non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. 31 studies were analyzed focusing on type, application method, dependant variable and effect using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
Seventeen rehabilitation therapies and forty-nine dependant variables were used. The application methods of rehabilitation therapy were diverse. The most frequently used rehabilitation type was an exercise therapy and a pain/discomfort was the most frequently used dependant variable. The effects of rehabilitation therapy were inconsistent.
CONCLUSION
The individualized rehabilitation therapy must be comprised of type, time, frequency, period and duration. Attention must be made as to the research design, especially the better measurement of the dependent variables. This review may serve as a base for future research.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to identify the factors that influenced the decision to have a colonoscopy.
METHODS
The sample was one hundred ninety four subjects who completed a self administrated survey. The survey posed questions of self-efficacy scale, fatalism scale and an intention scale. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics including t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
There were statistically significant differences among the intention of having a colonoscopy and age, educational background, occupation and income. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and intention of having a colonoscopy. In contrast, there was a negative correlation between fatalism and decision to have a colonoscopy. Self-efficacy, income and age were significant predictors of the decision to have a colonoscopy; accounting for 44.3% of the total variance.
CONCLUSION
Self-efficacy and fatalism were influence the decision to have a colonoscopy. As a result of these, it may be useful to develop strategies to foster decision making to have a colonoscopy utilizing the findings from this study.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a smoking cessation education for patients with percutaneous coronary intervention.
METHODS
The study was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. The Sixty subjects were assigned to either the treatment group. The treatment intervention was a onetime program during hospitalization. Data were collected during several time periods: before treatment, immediately after treatment, two weeks later, and one month after the treatment. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 14.0 program with an independent t-test, chi2 test, repeated measures ANOVA.
RESULTS
There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of knowledge and attitude. The significance was absent for the testing two weeks post group intervention and then one month later the significance was again detected in the amount of smoking and smoking behavior.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that smoking cessation education could be utilized for inpatients with percutaneous coronary intervention as nursing intervention in hospitals effectively. Further research is recommended in order to understand the change in significance in the different time periods.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to compare the levels of anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL) among kidney or liver transplant candidates and recipients.
METHODS
A cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized. The 160 subjects were recruited and assigned to three different conditions: awaiting transplant group; post-transplantation (TPL) group within less than one year of surgery; and post-TPL group with one year and no more than two years post surgery. The levels of anxiety and depression were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The level of quality of life was measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 version 2.
RESULTS
The anxiety score was significantly higher in the waiting group compared with the 1~2 years post TPL group. The depression score was significantly higher in the waiting group compared with the post TPL groups. The QOL was significantly lower in the waiting group compared with the post TPL groups.
CONCLUSION
Our results show a high prevalence of anxiety and depression and a marked reduction in the QOL in transplant candidates compared to the recipients. This study indicates that the group waiting for transplants may have unmet needs during that time period. Health professionals should be encouraged to attend to the psychological distress of the transplant candidates in order to improve their quality of life.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of taping therapy on the range of motion and pain of shoulders, physical functions and depression among hospitalized patients with stroke a geriatric hospital.
METHODS
The study design was a none equivalent control group pre-post test quasi-experimental design. The participants were 25 patients for experimental group and 25 patients for the control group. The period of this study was from March to July 2010. The twenty minute taping therapy was performed for twice a week for eight weeks.
RESULTS
The results showed that taping therapy was effective in range of motion shoulders (flexion: t=-5.81, p=.001, abduction: t=-3.69, p=.001) and pain of shoulders (rest: t=3.18, p=.003, movement: t=2.97, p=.005), grip (t=-3.22, p=.002) and balance (t=3.20, p=.002), and depression (t=3.24, p=.002). The variable of ADL (t=-1.99, p=.052) was not significant.
CONCLUSION
The results of the taping therapy increased range of motion shoulders and grip and balance of physical functions, and decreased pain in shoulders and depression. The findings support that taping therapy can be used as a nursing intervention for stroke patients in practical nursing and communities.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a cognitive rehabilitation program for the patients having an acute stroke. The variables evaluated were cognitive function, depression and activities of daily living (ADLs).
METHODS
A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design with sixty-two subjects from two separated institutions was the design for the study. Thirty-three patients were assigned to the treatment group and 29 patients comprised the comparison group. The treatment group participated in the nursing intervention for cognitive rehabilitation for a three week period of time. The study was conducted from September 2010 to April 2011.
RESULTS
Following the three week intervention, the cognitive function and activities of daily living of the treatment group were significantly improved compared to the comparison group (t=6.33, p<.001; t=4.57, p<.001). Specifically, depression was significantly decreased in the treatment group (t=3.95, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
The cognitive rehabilitation program was effective in increasing the treatment group cognitive function and activities of daily living along with a decrease in depression scores. Therefore, Cognitive Rehabilitation Program could be expected a beneficial nursing intervention in stroke patients.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an exercise program on muscle strength, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), health perception, and depression among post-stroke elders.
METHODS
Nonequivalent control group design with pretest and posttest was used. A total of 23 post-stroke elders who met inclusion criteria were recruited. Muscle strength in upper and lower extremities, ADL, health perception, and self-rated symptoms of depression were measured. The exercise program consisted of deep breathing, range of motion, and muscle strengthening exercises using Thera-band, 30~40 min/day, three days a week, for 12 weeks.
RESULTS
Muscle strength of right shoulder (U=11.50, p=.001), right leg (U=13.50, p=.002), and health perception (U=24.00, p=.010) in the experimental group was significantly higher compared to the control group at 12 weeks of post-intervention. Depression scores were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group at 6 weeks (U=28.00, p=.021), at 12 weeks (U=22.00, p=.006) of an exercise program.
CONCLUSION
By applying this program, post-stroke elders showed increases in muscle strength and a decrease in depression as well as improvement of health perception. Further study is needed to verify the effects of the exercise program on cardiovascular physiologic variables through long-term follow-up.