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Volume 20(3); June 2008

Original Articles
Factors Influencing on Quality of Sleep among Patients at Surgical Intensive Care Units
Hye Soon Kim, Myung Hee Lee, See Young Kim
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):365-374.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to evaluate quality of sleep and to assess the factors that influence quality of sleep in surgical ICU. METHODS: The subject of the study were consisted 109 adult patients who admitted to surgical ICU. The data were collected from May 20 to December 10, 2007 by structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, paired t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The score of quality of sleep was 4.57 point. The main sleep disturbance factors related to quality of sleep in surgical ICU inpatient were sleep time, machinery alarm and noise(adjusted R2=33.2). CONCLUSION: Based on the finding of this study, it is needed to develop a nursing intervention program that including to promote quality of sleep and to decrease machinery alarm and noise in surgical ICU.
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Factors Affecting on the Level of Practice on Nosocomial Infection Management among Operating Room Nurses
Sun Her, In Sook Kim, Kye Ha Kim
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):375-385.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
This study is to identify factors affecting on the level of practice on nosocomial infection management of operating room nurses. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 155 nurses who worked in operating rooms of six medical centers in located Gwangju and Chonanam area. Data were collected during October, 2006 by the questionnaire including a total of 124 questions. Data collected were analysed with use of SPSS 12.0 program. RESULTS: There was a significant difference of the level of practice by marital status(t=3.957, p=.048), education level(F=3.691, p=.027), position(F=6.588, p=.002), type of hospital(t=4.857, p=.029), number of nurse(F=4.243, p=.007), education about nosocomial infection management(F=3.069, p=.030), management council(t=6.397, p=.012) and management manual(t=6.961, p=.009). There were significant correlations between knowledge and practice (r=.389, p=.000), and between awareness and practice(r=.389, p=.000). Knowledge on nosocomial infection management, awareness of hands washing and positions were affecting factors on the level of practice. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that knowledge and awareness on nosocomial infection prevention and management of operating room nurses should be improved through consistent education. and support of administrator's of hospitals is needed.
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The Effect of Topical Application of Lidocaine Cream before Arteriovenous(AV) Fistula Puncture on Pain and Anxiety Among Hemodialysis Patients
Kyung Sun Hyun, Sung Youn Lee, Sang Soon Han
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):386-394.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of topical lidocaine cream on pain and anxiety during the AV fistula puncture among hemodialysis patients. METHODS: The study employed one group repeated measurement design. The data were collected from 50 hemodialysis patients who received AV fistula puncture. The topical lidocaine cream was applied 30 minutes before the puncture. The data were measured total 3 times (T1=without lidocaine, T2=2% lidocaine, T3=5% lidocaine). Pain was measured by VAS and a behavioral checklist. Anxiety was measured by Korean manual of SCL-90-R. RESULTS: Patients with 5% lidocaine cream reported significantly lower of VAS pain score than those with 2% lidocaine and without lidocaine. Patients with 2% lidocaine cream reported significantly lower of behavioral pain scores than those without lidocaine, but less effective than 5% lidocaine cream. Patients with 2% lidocaine cream reported significantly lower of anxiety scores than those without lidocaine, but less effective than 5% lidocaine cream. CONCLUSION: Topical application of lidocaine cream for 30 minutes before AV fistula puncture significantly decreased pain and anxiety among hemodialysis patients. Specifically 5% lidocaine was more effective than 2% lidocaine for both pain and anxiety.
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The Development and Evaluation of Web-based Flash Content for Fighting Spirit Promotion in Patients with Cancer
Pok Ja Oh
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):395-405.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop a Web-based flash content for fighting spirit promotion and to test its effect on cancer patients' fighting spirit. METHODS: The 15-minute long Web-based flash content was developed using the following 5 process: analysis, planning, development, program operation and evaluation stages and utilized the multiple edition and revision processes from December 2005 to August 2006. The evaluation was done by one group pretest-posttest design. Study subjects were 17 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The group were received a 2-week intervention, a day weekly, and measured the variables at baseline, 4 weeks later. The study was performed from August 2006 to February 2007 at a cancer center in Korea. Fighting spirit was measured by Mini-MAC(Mental Adjustment to Cancer). Data was analysed by descriptive statistics and paired t-test using SAS 9.13 program. RESULTS: On the Web-based flash content, there are 4 menu bars that consisted of cancer diagnosis, symptom management, stress management, and cancer survivorship. The study group revealed significantly more fighting spirit than pre-test(t=-3.04, p=.008). CONCLUSION: This Web-based flash content can be utilized in psychosocial interventions for promoting fighting spirit in patients with cancer.
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Effect of Empowerment Program on Rehabilitation Motivation, Depression, Activities of Daily Living Among the Patients with Stroke
Hee Kyung Kong, Haejung Lee
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):406-417.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop an empowerment program as a nursing intervention for the patients having an acute stroke and to determine the effects of the program on their motivation, depression, and activities of daily living(ADLs). METHODS: An non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. Sixty subjects were recruited from two separated institutions: 31 patients were allocated into experimental group and 29 were into control group. Six week empowerment program was provided to the experimental group. The study was conducted from November 2006 to March 2007. RESULTS: After 6 week empowerment program, rehabilitation motivation was significantly increased in the experimental group in comparison to the control group(t=-2.173, p=.036). There were no significant differences in depression and ADLs between experimental and control groups. CONCLUSION: The empowerment program effectively increased rehabilitation motivation of patients with stroke, while did not improve the levels of depression and ADLs. Future long-term intervention may benefit the patients more in terms of depression and ADLs when considering the acute stage of the patients in this study.
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Effects of Seogeum Therapy on Obesity for Middle Aged Abdominal Obese Women
Eun Joo Chae, Chun Gill Kim
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):418-430.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
This study was to examine the effects of Seogeum therapy for middle-aged abdominal obese women. METHODS: Seogeum therapy combined cupping, stepping on ion aluminum board, adhering to Seoam moxibustion and Seoam pellet. The subjects consisted of 30 middle-aged abdominal obese women between 40 and 59 years of age: fifteen were assigned to experimental group, fifteen to control group. The data collection and treatments were performed from June to October, 2007. The subjects of experimental group participated in Seogeum therapy for 5 times per week during 8 weeks. The data were analyzed with Chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test with SPSS/Window 12.0 program. RESULTS: Seogeum therapy experimental group showed significant difference in change of general obesity indexes(body weight, body fat amount, body fat ratio, BMI) than control group supporting hypothesis 1. Experimental group showed significant difference in change of abdominal obesity indexes(abdominal fat ratio, waist circumference, hip circumference) than control group supporting hypothesis 2. CONCLUSION: Obesity management of Seogeum therapy had a positive effect for middle-aged obese women. Therefore, it is concluded that the obesity management of Seogeum therapy can be applied as a nursing intervention to decrease the obesity for middle-aged women.
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The Effects of Resistance Exercise Program for Elders with Type 2 Diabetes on the Self Care, Stress and HbA1c
Sun Woo Lee, Sung Rae Shin
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):431-442.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resistance exercise program for elders with type 2 Diabetes on the self care, stress and HbA1c. METHODS: Thirty three elders with type 2 Diabetes(18 experimental and 15 control subjects) were selected conveniently among the aged who had been enrolled in a community senior center. The subjects in experimental group participated in a resistance exercise program for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/Win 12.0. RESULTS: The resistance exercise program showed a statistical difference in self care(t=-4.39, p=.000) and stress(t=2.22, p=.034). However, there was not a statistical difference in HbA1c (F=.556, p=.557), but experimental group had decreased continuously in HbA1c after the program. CONCLUSION: The resistance exercise program improved self care and reduced the stress in the elders with type 2 Diabetes. Therefore, resistance exercise program can be applied as an effective nursing intervention to promote self care, decrease the stress and to prevent complication for the elders with type 2 Diabetes.
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A Study on Changes of Primary Caregivers' Fatigue, Depression and Life Satisfaction by Using Dementia Day Care Service
Young Whee Lee, Kyung Hee Park, Yeon Sil Seong
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):443-451.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
This study is to examine how dementia day care service affects fatigue, depression and life satisfaction of caregiver. METHODS: The study was conducted using a convenient sampling method from 6 Dementia Day Care Center in Incheon. Thirty nine primary caregivers answered the questionnaires. Pre-test was done before demented elders start using the dementia day care center and post-test was done five months after. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and paired t-test. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in caregivers' fatigue level after using dementia day care service(t=2.188, p=.035). Results of subcategories were as follows; There was a significant difference in caregivers' physical fatigue level(t=2.270, p=.029) and psychological fatigue level(t=2.277, p=.029) after using dementia day care service. However, there was not significant difference in caregivers' neurological fatigue level(t=1.312, p=.197). There was a significant difference in caregivers' depression level(t=3.066, p=.004) and life satisfaction(t=-2.131, p=.040) after using dementia day care service. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that dementia day care service is helpful for family with demented elders. Therefore it is necessary to expand dementia day care center in terms of its size and numbers in order to support increasing number of demented elders and their families.
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The Effect of Hand Massage on Discomfort in Patients Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Yeo Jin Kim, Seung Hee Chung, In Sun Suh
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):452-460.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
This study assessed the effectiveness of hand massage on reducing discomfort of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). METHODS: The sample consisted of 62 patients admitted to an university affiliated hospital. The 30 patients in experimental group received hand massage developed by Snyder(1995) for 5 minutes on both hands and 32 patients in control group received the usual nursing intervention only. The outcome variable of discomfort was measured 10 minutes before and after the hand massage using Questionnaire and VAS. The data were collected from Feb. 5th to May 17th in 2007, and analysed through Chi-square, and t-test with SPSS WIN 12.0. RESULTS: The level of discomfort measured with the questionnaire was decreased in experimental group, but increased in control group. This discomfort changes in two groups were significantly different(t=4.43, p<.001). The level of discomfort measured with VAS was also decreased in experimental group, but increased in control group. The changes were significant, too(t=5.62, p<.001). CONCLUSION: It was clear that hand massage could be a useful nursing intervention in reducing the discomfort of patients undergoing PCI.
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A Exploratory Study on the Personality Type, Problematic Drinking Pattern, and Stress Coping Style of the Nasal Bone Fracture Patients Due to Violence
Ji Suk Park, Hyun Soo Oh, Wha Sook Seo, Ok Kyung Ham
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):461-469.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify the personality type, problematic drinking pattern, and stress coping style of the nasal bone fracture patients by comparing those with general fracture patients. METHODS: 50 nasal bone fracture patients due to violence and 50 general fracture patients due to simple trauma, such as fall and traffic accident were conveniently selected. RESULTS: The study results showed that nasal bone fracture patients due to violence significantly presented higher level of A type personality and more problematic drinking pattern than general fracture patients due to simple trauma. Stress coping style, however, did not show significant difference between two groups. CONCLUSION: In order to prepare prevention strategies for basal bone fracture in the future, health education alter problematic drinking habit to sound drinking pattern may be offered and provided nursing interventions tailored to A type personality.
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Validity and Reliability of Informatics Competencies for Nurses Among Korean Nurses
Myoung Soo Kim
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):470-480.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to validate the scale of Informatics Competencies for Nurses developed by Staggers, Gassert & Curran(2001) among Korean nurses. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 58 RN-BSN students and 314 nurses in Busan, Ulsan and Kyoungnam province. Data were collected by questionnaires from June to August, 2006 and from October, 2006 to August, 2007 and were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis for construct validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for reliability. RESULTS: A factor analysis was conducted and 30 items that had a factor loading more than .40 were extracted. The explained variance from 5 factors was 55.33% of the total variance. The factors were named 'basic computer usage', 'medical informatics-related software usage', 'computer related information management', 'perception of informatics', and 'information search using internet'. The first factor consisted 10 items which explained 29.89% of the total variance and the second factor contained 7 items. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .91 among the 30 items. CONCLUSION: This scale, Informatics Competencies for Nurses, was proved as a proper instrument to apply to Korean nurses.
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Effects of Diabetes Education and Telephone Counseling on Depression in Patients with Diabetes
Min Sun Song, Hee Seung Kim
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):481-488.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify the effects of diabetes education and telephone counseling on depression in diabetic patients. METHODS: 49 diabetic patients(24 in the control group and 25 in the experimental group) completed diabetes education and telephone counseling. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, paired t-test and unpaired t-tests. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in depression between the experimental and control groups. But, Depression scores were much decreased in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Depression decreased following the diabetes education and telephone counseling. These findings indicate that diabetes education and telephone counseling could be one of the way to decrease depression.
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Validation of the Nursing Outcomes Classification on Cerebrovascular Patients
Young Hwa Kim, Hyang Sook So, Eunjoo Lee, Eun Ko
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):489-499.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to assess the importance and contribution of 9 nursing outcomes and their indicators that could be applied to cerebrovascular patients. METHODS: Data were collected from 175 neurosurgical nurses working at two university affiliated hospitals and five secondary hospitals located in Gwang-ju. The Fehring method was used to estimate outcome content validity(OCV) and outcome sensitivity validity(OSV) of nursing outcomes and their indicators. Stepwise regression was used to evaluate relationship between outcome and its indicators. RESULTS: The core outcomes identified by the OCV were Tissue Perfusion: Cerebral, Nutritional Status, Neurological Status, and Wound Healing: Primary Intention, whereas highly supportive outcomes identified by the OSV were Oral Health, Self-Care: ADL, and Nutritional Status. All the critical indicators selected for Fehring method were not included in stepwise regression model. By stepwise regression analysis, the indicators explained outcomes from 19% to 52% in importance and from 21% to 45% in contribution. CONCLUSION: This study identified core and supportive outcomes and their indicators which could be useful to assess the physical status of cerebrovascular patients. Further research is needed for the revision and development of nursing outcomes and their indicators at neurological nursing area.
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The Effect of Music Therapy on Anxiety of Patients in Emergency Room
Pyung Hwa Lee, In Sun Suh, Seung Hee Chung
J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2008;20(3):500-511.   Published online June 30, 2008
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music therapy on anxiety of patients in emergency room. METHODS: The study was designed using a noneqivalent control group nonsynchronized design. For 20 minutes, the experimental group(22 patients) had listened to music and the control group(23 patients) had bed rest. A six-item state anxiety scale developed by Marteau and Bekker, which was based on Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured to all study participants before and after the intervention. The data was analyzed by the SPSS 12.0 program. RESULTS: 1) The experimental group's state anxiety level were significantly lower than the control group's(t=2.220, p=.032). 2) There were no significant differences in both group's diastolic(t=-.495, p=.623) and systolic blood pressure(t=831, p=.411). 3) The experimental group's pulse rate was significantly lower than the control group's(t=2.363, p=.023). CONCLUSION: Music therapy may be applied as a nursing intervention to decrease anxiety in emergency room.
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