PURPOSE
The study was done to identify factors influencing the quality of life of elderly in non-paid or paid assisted living facilities.
METHODS
Data were collected by questionnaires from 634 elderly in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. Measures were self-esteem, activities of daily living, depression, family support, health status, facility adaptation, care facility's quality, and quality of life. Data were analyzed using chi2-test, independent t-test, ANCOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 15.0 version.
RESULTS
The significant factors influencing quality of life of elderly in non-paid assisted living facilities were care facility's quality, depression, self-esteem, family support, education, and activity of daily living, which explained about 40.4% of the variance. The significant factors influencing quality of life of elderly in paid assisted living facilities were activity of daily living, depression, family support, education, care facility's quality, and facility adaptation, which explained about 83.9% of the variance.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that type of assisted living facilities in developing nursing interventions to improve quality of life of elderly should be considered.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to contribute on nursing practice for elderly people by identifying the effects of hand moxibustion and hand press pellet therapy on the alleviation of constipation.
METHODS
The data were collected from October to November, 2009, and the subjects included 39 elders (experimental group: 20, control group: 19) from a senior citizens center in B City who reported constipation. Experimental group received an intervention of hand moxibustion and hand press pellet therapy three times a week for six weeks (total: 18 times). Data about the number of defecations per week and constipation degree scores were collected one week after each treatment.
RESULTS
1. The number of defecation in the experimental group were different from that of the control group (F=228.26, p<.001). 2. The degree of reported constipation in the experimental group differed from the control group (F=170.59, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
Hand moxibustion and hand press pellet therapy was shown to be effective in alleviating the constipation of elderly people by increasing the number of defecation per week and reducing the constipation degree scores. These two interventions can thus be used for alleviating the constipation of elderly people, replacing the stool softener and enema.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to test hand hygiene behavior model of hospital nurses, based on theory of planned behavior.
METHODS
Data were collected from 253 nurses from four university hospitals for the period of December 2010 to January 2011. Data were analyzed using of SAS (ver.9.1). Fitness of the study model was identified with SAS PROC CALIS.
RESULTS
The overall fitness was chi2=57.81 (df=13, p<.001), GFI=.99, AGFI=.99, CFI=.95, NFI=.93. The variance of actual implementation of hand hygiene by predictor variables was 11.0% and the variance of intention to hand hygiene was 53.5%. Variable that had a direct effect on hand hygiene behavior was intention. Perceived behavior control and attitude affected hand hygiene behavior indirectly. Control belief had a direct effect on perceived behavior control and had an indirect effect on intention and behavior. Behavioral belief had a direct effect on attitude and an indirect effect on intention and behavior.
CONCLUSION
The study provides basic information for understanding nurses' hand hygiene behavior. Further testing of the model will indicate which variables can contribute to improved hand hygiene.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of gum chewing temporalis muscle exercise on masticatory discomforts after craniotomy.
METHODS
Data collection was performed from July 10 to October 24, 2008. Forty participants who were treated with elective craniotomy were enrolled in this study. Twenty participants in the exercise group were given a gum chewing exercise protocol for five days and twenty participants in the control group received usual postoperative care only. All the participants were examined on the first, third and fifth postoperative day regarding the masticatory pain score, mouth opening range, and satisfaction with mastication. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, chi2-test and repeated measures ANOVA.
RESULTS
Masticatory pain of experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (p<.001). Mouth opening range and satisfaction with mastication of experimental group were significantly improved in experimental group compared with the control group (p<.001).
CONCLUSION
The gum chewing temporalis muscle exercise after craniotomy is a useful intervention to reduce masticatory pain and to improve mouth opening range, recovery rate of mouth opening range and satisfaction with mastication.

PURPOSE
A study was designed to compare heart rate variability (HVR) of older adults with postprandial hypotension (PPH) with older adults with no PPH.
METHODS
The samples were community-dwelling older adults (> or = 60 years old) with PPH (n=35) and without PPH (n=35). HRV was measured by 10 minutes of electrocardiography using Physiolab 400 and analyzed in time domain (SDNN) and with power spectral analysis in frequency domain (TP, LF, HF, LF/HF). Blood pressure was measured every 15 minutes before and until 120 minutes after the meal.
RESULTS
All HRV parameters were lower in the PPH group compared to those with no PPH. Specifically the measures of SDNN, TP, LF, and LF/HF of the PPH group were significantly lower (U=385.0, p=.008; U=361.0, p=.003; U=375.0, p=.005; U=368.0, p=.004, respectively). Further, the LF and LF/HF of SBP (> or =140 mmHg) group and the LF/HF of DBP (> or = 90 mmHg) group were significantly lower (chi2=6.33, p=.042; chi2=33.10, p<.001; chi2=11.03, p=.004, respectively).
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that the autonomic nervous functions in persons with PPH are less activated than those persons with no PPH. The findings contribute to an understanding of HRV and the association of autonomic nervous function with the mechanism of PPH.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to understand the life of newly appointed professors of nursing by exploring the meaning and essence of their academic work and life experience.
METHODS
The participants consisted of 11 newly appointed female full-time professors with less than five years of experience who had been purposely sampled from three or four-year nursing colleges. Data were collected from October 2010 to December 2011 through the face-to-face interview and phone interview. Thematic analysis was conducted using hermeneutic phenomenological methodology.
RESULTS
The findings were classified into seven themes: 'Starting feeling hope and delight', 'putting sustained energy into lecturing and training', 'struggling in the tense atmosphere where assessments are often conducted', 'gaining courage in an associated relationship network', 'experiencing confusion of the identity as a professor', 'seeking compromise, handling their work and housework', and 'shedding new light on reality with self-awareness'.
CONCLUSION
This study is significant in that it offered the foundation for the creation of human resources networks and mentoring programs that help newly appointed professors to effectively adjust to university society on the basis of the sympathetic understanding of and support for their life.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, correct metered dose inhaler (MDI) use and compliance with self management among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
METHODS
The participants of this study consisted of 109 COPD patients who were outpatients in C and K hospital located in G city from March 1 to September 30th, 2010. Data were measured using self-administered questionnaires and observational checklist. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program that included mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Sheffe test, and Pearson's correlation.
RESULTS
There were significant relationships between knowledge and attitude (r=.33, p<.001), between knowledge and correct MDI use (r=.37, p<.001), and between knowledge and self-management compliance (r=.28, p=.003). There was significant relationship between attitude and self-management compliance (r=.33. p<.001). In contrast, attitude was not significantly related to correct MDI use.
CONCLUSION
The study showed that COPD knowledge and attitude of patients were related compliance in managing their disease. Therefore, strategies need to be utilized in education programs which would improve knowledge and subsequently improve attitude and compliance.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to identify depression and its predictors among Korean community-dwelling elderly with mild cognitive impairment.
METHODS
Secondary data analyses of the data collected by the "Study on tailored integration program for reinforcing cognitive and physical function of the frail elderly. The study used data from one-to-one interviews using structured questionnaires. The subjects were 346 community-dwelling elderly who visited a healthcare center in Seoul, Korea. A descriptive correlational study design was utilized to explore depression and its predictors including physical factors and psychosocial factors among the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression.
RESULTS
Mean score of depression was within normal limit 11.61+/-6.69. Somatic symptoms, negative life events (severity), social support were shown as significant predictors of depression. The most influential predictor for depression was somatic symptoms (beta=.340, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
To prevent and relieve depression in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment, nursing intervention strategies which consider well-balanced physical and psychosocial aspects are needed. In particular, a specific nursing intervention strategy is required to improve physical health of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the reported patterns of sexuality and life satisfaction of the elderly.
METHODS
Study participants were 490 older than 60 years of age who participated in a sexuality education program over five provinces. Data were collected from August to October, 2009 by using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using PASW/WIN 18.0 program.
RESULTS
163 participants (33.3%) reported being sexually active with a frequency on an average of 3.16 times per month. The reported life satisfaction of the participants was significantly different in terms of education level (p<.001), health status (p<.001), economic status (p<.001), sexual behaviors (p<.001), and attitude on the sexuality (p=.023). The reported life satisfaction was significantly associated with sexual attitudes and the frequency of sexual behaviors.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the elderly person has a positive sexual attitude although not all elderly people are sexually active. There are several influencing factors on life satisfaction of the elderly. Therefore, it is needed to investigate the sexuality of the elderly more closely to enhance their life satisfaction.

PURPOSE
This study was aimed at identifying levels of compliance of patients with metabolic syndrome and the factors influencing their compliance.
METHODS
Data were collected from patients with metabolic syndrome at K medical center in 2009 using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression.
RESULTS
The mean score of health behavior compliance was 2.82 (range: 1.43~3.87). Of the factors significantly influencing compliance with health behavior, health perception, exercise efficacy, age and perceived severity explained the 42.8% variance of compliance with health behavior. The factor explaining the highest level of variance was health perception.
CONCLUSION
It is essential for health professionals to consider the aforementioned four factors when developing interventions to increase compliance with health behavior of the patient with metabolic syndrome.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of body mass index (BMI), mindfulness and self-esteem on reported body image among university students.
METHODS
Data were collected through questionnaires from 266 students and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 19.0 program.
RESULTS
As defined by body mass index, the sample was divided into an underweight group was 88.7%, a normal weight group was 10.5%, and an overweight group was 0.8%. The levels of body image depended on family income, personality, and BMI. The body image was significantly correlated with BMI, mindfulness, and selfesteem. The influential factors affecting body image were self-esteem, BMI, family income and personality, which explained about 34.6% of the variance.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that nursing intervention are needed to improve body image, and that such variables should be carefully considered in intervention for university students.