PURPOSE
To examine the effect of back massage on immune response, symptom distress, and mood state of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allogeneic HSCT).
METHODS
Subjects were thirty-seven patients undergoing sibling allogeneic HSCT (including 16 in the experimental group and 21 in the control group). Experimental subjects participated in an intervention group of back massage for 10 minutes, once a day and 5 times a week, from one week prior to the HSCT to the third week after the HSCT or a control group. A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. t-test and Repeated measures ANOVA were used to examine group differences by using SAS.
RESULTS
No significant group differences were found in Immune response (CD4+, CD8+,CD19+, CD56+) and symptom distress. The experimental group had significantly less mood state (anxiety, confusion) than the control group.
CONCLUSION
The back massage for the patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT may be effective in altering the anxiety and confusion during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, this study did not provide evidence in improving immune response and symptom distress.

This descriptive study was conducted between October 1, and December 31, 1998 in order to provide basic data for understanding the emotional states of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and their compliance with a medical regimen. Data was collected by using questionnaires administered to 100 lupus inpatients and outpatients at the Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital. Frequencies, percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression were applied to the data using the SAS program. The results of study are summarized below. The mean compliance score was 91.21. The highest compliance score was found in "risk factor management", followed by "taking medicine", "follow-up care", "daily life management", "stress management", "diet", "activity and rest" in that sequence. The mean depression score was 43.58. 24% for subjects who showed more than mild depression. The compliance score of depressed subjects was significantly lower than that of the subjects without depression. The mean score of anxiety was 44.01. 36% for subjects who had scores lower than 40 points, 37% for those between 41-50 points, and 27% for those with more than 51 points. As for compliance scores according to anxiety levels, the compliance scores for those with anxiety scores of below 40 significantly higher than that of those of the above 51 group. There was a negative correlation between compliance and depression and between compliance and anxiety. In addition, a strong positive relationship was found between depression and anxiety. The major variable affecting compliance was anxiety, accounting for 13.6%. We concluded that when we care for the patients with lupus, we have to consider the outcomes of this study because emotional status affects the lupus patients' compliance. In addition, it is necessary to develop nursing interventions in order to alleviate the lupus patient's depression and anxiety.